| With the development of the society and the increase of population,more and more the number of breeding chickens,the distribution area is becoming more and more widely,in order to adapt to different environment and climate conditions,the chicken through continuous natural selection and artificial selection,its feather color increasingly rich rise.The chicken feather color also have preferences,study of the relationship between the plumage color phenotype and genotype,in order to breeding be able to meet consumer preferences of products,to meet the demand of the market.This test use Guanyuan ash chicken(grey feather),Jiuyuan chicken(black feather),Roman hens(white feather),Luhua chicken(horizontal spot)and HS1(black-speckle feather)several different plumage color chickens every 50 individual to analysis MC1R,TYR and ASIP genes polymorphism,finding SNPs associated with feather color,then using the fluorescent quantitative PCR technology analysis several gene expression in different chicken feather color group of related tissues,Aimed to explore the MC1R,TYR and ASIP gene in feather color formation process of the expression regulation function,provide some theoretical basis for the breeding of chicken feather color,and provide some theoretical basis for the breeding of chicken feather color.The results are as follows:(1)We found three mutations were T398A,T637C and G920C in MC1R gene.Through a translator,found that after three SNPs are all missense mutation,these mutations are strong correlation with the formation of chicken feather color,including T398A mutation can lead to 133th leucine replaced by glutamine(Leu133Gln),the site did not find in black feather and black-speckle feather group;T637C mutation can lead to 213th cysteine replaced by arginine(Cys213Arg);G920C mutations can lead to 307th arginine was replaced by the proline(Arg307Pro),the site does not appear in the black feather group.(2)Three mutations C47G,T120C and T172C were detected on TYR gene exon 1,these mutations are strong correlation with the formation of chicken feather color.Through a translator,found that after three SNPs loci T120C as a synonymous mutation,and the mutation in the black feather groups have not found,the other two to missense mutation,including C47G mutation can lead to 16 proline replaced by arginine(Pro16Arg),not found in the beam spot of the chicken group,the mutations in T172C mutation can lead to 58th phenylalanine replaced by leucine(Phe58Leu),and the mutations in the beam spot plume group present completely polymorphism.(3)Found a mutations T168C on the ASIP gene exon 3,the mutation as a synonymous mutation,and did not appear in white plumage chicken groups.(4)In skin and hair follicle tissues,MC1R and TYR gene expression quantity is the lowest in grey-yellow group,and the black group to express quantity is higher,ASIP gene expression quantity is the highest in the grey-yellow group,and the black group is the lowest.Distribution of gene expression quantity in the pituitary gland tissue is similar to skin and hair follicle tissues.The amount of gene expression is no difference in liver and kidney tissue.To sum up,the MC1R,TYR and ASIP gene mutations and chicken feather color phenotype has certain relevance,and act an important genes affect the chicken feather color traits.From the differences in gene expression,the MC1R gene and TYR gene is mainly affecting the formation of Guanyuan ash chicken dark feather color candidate genes,ASIP gene is mainly affecting the formation of Guanyuan ash chicken light feather color candidate genes,there are inhibition in ASIP gene,MC1R gene and TYR gene,this results provides a certain theoretical basis for feather breeding in Guanyuan ash chicken. |
