| In order to determining the effectiveness of nitrogen and the effect of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application in field of the carbon based fertilizer for flued-cured tobacco,in response to the reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer 30% plan of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Tobacco Monopoly Bureau,while achieving improved soil,improved the quality of tobacco and other objectives.studied the carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics and nitrogen availability of the carbon based fertilizer by the experiment in laboratory training and field,and the development on the growth of flue-cured tobacoo,the quality of flued-cured tobacoo,the nitrogen sue efficiency of flue-cured tobacoo under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer with the carbon based fertilizer.The experiment of carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics of the carbon based fertilizer in laboratory and field in sandy loam clay three soil types,indoor including culture there are three different soil water treatment.The five treatments of field tests were conventional fertilization,conventional fertilization(without nitrogen fertilizer),15% nitrogen reducing with carbon based fertilizer(1500 kg·hm-2),30% nitrogen reducing with carbon based fertilizer(1500 kg·hm-2),45% nitrogen reducing with carbon based fertilizer(1500 kg·hm-2).The main conclusions are as follows:1.The carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics of the carbon based fertilizerthe results showed that under different soil types,the soil salinity was highest,followed by clay,and the lowest was sandy soil;for different field water holding capacity,under the condition of sandy soil,the highest mineralization potential was 80%(SMC),followed by 60%SMC,and the lowest was 40%SMC,Under loam condition,60%SMC>80%SMC>40%SMC;under clay condition,60%SMC>80%SMC>40%SMC,under loamcondition,60%SMC>80%SMC>40%SMC;under clay condition,60%SMC>80%SMC>40%SMC,the maximum nitrogen availability of three soil types in sandy loam soil was 34.12%,56.31%,and 41.14%,respectively.The single season nitrogen availability of carbon based fertilizer under field conditions under three soil types the sand loam clay were 50.61%,57.31%,83.34%.However the single season carbon availability of carbon based fertilizer was very low,were 3.8%,1.8%,3% under the sand loam clay soil types.2.The development on the growth of flue-cured tobacoo under the applying of the carbon based fertilizerField test result showed: there was no obvious increase trend of C/N ratio in the leaves after topping treatment except for the second treatment,the pure chemical fertilizer treatment and three treatments 30%,45%,15% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer with 1500 kg·hm-2carbon based fertilizer were consistent with cause development mode,that is,before the growth of 60 d in slow growth,after topping the carbon metabolism into the C/N ratio into the rapid growth mode.The reduction of nitrogen with carbon base fertilizer could reduced the content of chlorophyll a,b of flue-cured tobacco leaves in mature stage,and the content of chlorophyll a and b of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased in fast growth period,however,the effect on caroteneid content was not obvious.3.The influence on the soil mineral nitrogen content under the applying of the carbon based fertilizerField test result showed: for the nitrate nitrogen contents 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm soil layers,30 d after transplanting decreased and remained at a relatively low level,the treatment of carbon based fertilizer in different nitrogen reduction gradient showed a incredsed of the nitrate nitrogen content by the increasing nitrogen application.,45 d after transplanting application of carbon based fertilizer treatment the content of nitrate nitrogen was higher than that of not carbon based fertilizer application treatment,this difference increased with soil depth.For the ammonium nitrogen contents of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm soil layers,the magnitude of change is larger than that of nitrate,the content of the ammonium nitrogen in all treatments decreased from 30 d after transplanting to 60 d after planting and then decreased slightly,for applying carbon based fertilizer 3,4,5 in the chamber before topping the ammonium nitrogen content of the soil is lower than that of the pure chemical fertilizer treatment in 1,but after topping is higher than that of reduced nitrogen treatment.4.Nitrogen sue efficiency of flue-cured tobacoo under the applying of the carbon based fertilizerField test result showed: nitrogen sue efficiency of flue-cured tobacoo was 32.05% under the conventional fertilization,the nitrogen sue efficiency of three treatments 30%,45%,15%reduction in nitrogen fertilizer with 1500 kg·hm-2carbon based fertilizer was 50.33%?45.33%?41.61%,and there was significant difference compared with conventional fertilization(p<0.05).5.The influence on the quality of the flued-cured tobacoo the under the applying of carbon based fertilizerThe influence on the chemical composition of the flued-cured tobacoo under reducing nitrogen fertilizer input with applying the carbon based fertilizer mainly reflected in lower sugar content and higer nicotine content,and decreased the ratio of sugar to nicotine,and with the decrease of nitrogen fertilizer application,the ratio of sugar to alkali was increased,the effect of potassium chloride on the chemical composition was not obvious.The influence on neutral aroma components of the flued-cured tobacoo under reducing nitrogen fertilizer input with applying the carbon based fertilizer mainly reflected in products of Carotenoid Phenylalanine MRPS Cembranoids of flued-cured tobacoo,and the lower the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application,the higher of the characteristics of these four types of degradation products,however,the effect on the content of neophytadiene was not obvious.To sum up in the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application(30%)under the applying of carbon based fertilizer(1500 kg·hm-2),could coordinate plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism,improved the utilization rate of flue-cured tobacoo,reduced soil nitrogen loss approach,increased soil nitrogen supplying capacity so as to increase the apparent nitrogen utilization rate,coordinated the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco,improve the quality and quantity of aroma.to improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco. |
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