| Changting is one of the main Tobacco-rice Rotation areas in Fujian.In some rice-after-tobacco areas,the usages and ratios of the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization of rice based upon the rice-rice cropping,that would cause too much nutrient and be unbalanced,which would affect the production and quality of rice.Meanwhile,the most flue-cured tobacco waste in Tobacco-rice Rotation areas is accumulated on the edge of field or near the ditch,which would form the agricultural solid waste and lead to the environmental pollution.Therefore,this study adopted the methods of field experiment and indoor cultivation experiment.The suitable ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and potassium on rice-after-tobacco in Changting.Discussing decomposition characteristics and the nutrient release status of flue-cured tobacco waste which under flooded conditions,and application effect of tobacco wastes in rice-after-tobacco.To provide the basis for the Farmland Nutrients Management in Tobacco-rice Rotation areas,the suitable ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on tobacco-after-rice,the resource of tobacco waste.The main results were as follows:1.Application effect of different ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on tobacco-after-riceResults of the field experiment indicated that,in the heading stage of rice,soluble sugar,soluble protein in leaves of treatment 2(N:P2O5:K2O=9.5:2:4)rice was higher than other treatments.The soluble protein in leaves of 2 treatment rice,being significantly higher than 1treatment 1(Conventional Fertilizer Application N:P2O5:K2O=10.5:5:6),increased by 2.99mg·g-1.The net photosynthetic rate of treatment 1 was higher than other treatment,while no significant different with 2 treatment.The effective panicles of treatment 2 rice was higher than treatment 1,increased by 1.4 spike/cluster.The grain number per panicle and 1000 grain weight of treatment 1 rice was higher than 2treatment,increased by 0.2grains and 0.7g.The rice yield of treatment 1 rice was higher than treatment 2 and treatment 3(N:P2O5:K2O=9.5:2:2),while no significant difference with them.While deducting the cost of fertilizer,the output value of treatment 2 and treatment 3 were higher than treatment 1,increased by 1.74%,2.14%.2.Effect of different fertilization methods on growth of rice and fertilizer utilization ratio in Tobacco-rice Rotation areasResults of the field experiment indicated that,the total nitrogen content in surface water of treatment 3(Surface application with dicyandiamide)was lower than treatment 1(Whole layer fertilization)and treatment 2(Surface application,Contrast).It was showed that treatment 3 could reduce the loss of the total nitrogen content in surface water.In the heading stage of rice,the soluble protein,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid content of treatment 3 were highly significant difference with treatment 2,increased by 2.81mg·g-1,2.505mg·L-1,0.524mg·L-1,0.748mg·L-1The rice yield of treatment 3 rice was higher than treatment 2,increased by 617.092kg·hm-2.While deducting the cost of fertilizer,the output value of treatment 1 and treatment 3 were higher than treatment 2,increased by 946.21 yuan/hm2,1727.86 yuan/hm2.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer?phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer of treatment 1 and treatment 3 were higher than treatment 2,increased by 2.10?4.17 percentage,0.57?6.72 percentage,0.44?3.11 percentage.3.The nutrient release status of flue-cured tobacco waste under flooded paddy soilResults of the cultivation experiment indicated that,after 100days of cultivation,the accumulated deforestation rate of organic matter quality in each treatment were wasted tobacco leaves treatment>tobacco stems treatment>straw treatment(control)>tobacco roots treatment.The tobacco stems with apparent cortex,and thickness would change,it built with 7-10 layers thin-walled cells,which weren't easy to rot.The accumulated deforestation rate of organic matter quality and the rate of nitrogen cumulative release of wasted tobacco leaves treatment and tobacco stems treatment were higher than straws treatment(control),increased by 2.41?18.38 percentage,1.71?6.93 percentage.The rate of phosphorus cumulative release of wasted tobacco leaves treatment,tobacco stems treatment and tobacco roots treatment were higher than straws treatment(control),increased by 0.73?2.81 percentage.The rate of potassium cumulative release of wasted tobacco leaves treatment,tobacco stems treatment and tobacco roots treatment were lower than straws treatment(control),decreased by 0.49?0.91 percentage.4.Effect of pH,enzymes,the nutrients and surface water nutrients of flooded soil which applied with flue-cured tobacco wasteResults of the cultivation experiment indicated that,after 100days of cultivation,the soil pH of wasted tobacco leaves treatment was higher than blank treatment(control 1),straws treatment(control 2).Soil urease activity,catalase activity,acid phosphatase activity of wasted tobacco leaves treatment,tobacco stems treatment and tobacco roots treatment were higher than blank treatment,straws treatment.After 100days of cultivation,ferrous iron content in the soil of tobacco roots treatment was higher than blank treatment,increased by 0.295mg·kg-1.And ferrous iron content in the soil of wasted tobacco leaves treatment,tobacco stems treatment were higher than straws treatment,increased by0.011mg·kg-1,0.958mg·kg-1.The ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of wasted tobacco leaves treatment,tobacco stems treatment and tobacco roots treatment were higher than blank treatment,increased by 10.013?12.504mg·kg-1,0.060mg·g-1?2.576mg·kg-1.The available nitrogen and available potassium of wasted tobacco leaves treatment,tobacco stems treatment and tobacco roots treatment were higher than blank treatment,increased by 28.4?32.95mg·kg-1,31.56?47.20mg·kg-1,and they were also higher than straws treatment,increased by 18.49?23.04mg·kg-1,0.11?15.75mg·kg-1.The available phosphorus wasted tobacco leaves treatment and tobacco roots treatment were higher than blank treatment,increased by 11.34?11.63mg·kg-1,and they were also higher than straws treatment,increased by 1.53?1.82mg·kg-1.The total nitrogen content and potassium content in surface water of wasted tobacco leaves treatment were higher than other treatments.It showed that the nutrient in surface would increase when the wasted tobacco leaves,tobacco stems,tobacco roots and straws returning to field.So we should pay attention to the water management in field.5.Effect on the growth,rice yield and output value of rice which applied with flue-cured tobacco wasteResults of the field experiment indicated that,the rice yield of wasted tobacco leaves treatment and tobacco stems treatment were higher than chemical fertilizer treatment(control 1),increased by 503.717kg·hm-2,435.522kg·hm-2,they were also higher than straws treatment(control 2),increased by 188.906kg·hm-2,120.711kg·hm-2.The brown rice rate of wasted tobacco leaves treatment and tobacco stems treatment were higher than chemical fertilizer treatment and straws treatment,increased by 3.20?4.08 percentage,1.11?1.99 percentage.The milled rice of wasted tobacco leaves treatment was higher than chemical fertilizer treatment and straws treatment,increased by 1.10?2.89 percentage.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of tobacco stems treatment was higher than chemical fertilizer treatment and straws treatment,increased by 9.95 percentage,1.5percentage.Utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer of wasted tobacco leaves treatment and tobacco stems treatment were higher than chemical fertilizer treatment,increased by 5.24?6.17 percentage,3.52?7.50 percentage,they were also higher than straws treatment,increased by 5.34?6.26percentage,3.04?7.03 percentage. |
PDF Full Text Request