The Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms And Origin Of Characteristic Genes In Cultivated Soybean

Soybean is a widely planted major grain and oil crops,its seed contains rich proteins and fats.Existing literature showed that the cultivated soybean originated in China about 5000 years ago,there are many hypotheses about the origin of soybean,but no clear conclusion at present.Six genes Glyma.01G198100,Glyma.08G051600,Glyma.14G189400,Glyma14G22800,Glyma.17G076100 were sequenced,to research the sequence variation during domestication,futher reveal the molecular process and mechanism of soybean domestication,study the genetic basis of the formation of cultivated soybean agronomic traits.The mainly results of the study are as follows: 1 The six genes in G.soja exsist 8-24 SNPs,1-4 non-synonymous mutations in CDS,17-24 haplotypes,genetic variation of it is rich.The Tajama’s D of its in G.soja is higher than zero non-significantly,accord with neutral evolutio n model.2 The π of Glyma.01G198100,Glyma.08G051600,Glyma.14G189400,Glyma.14G146700,Glyma.17G076100 in G.max decrease 0.95、0.76、0.88、0.82、0.95,the Hd decrease 0.87、0.79、0.91、0.86、0.86,exhibits substantially reduced genetic diversity.Tajama’s D in G.max is less than zero significantly,under selection.The Fst is 0.8、0.62、0.74、0.77、0.61,indicates obvious genetic differentiation with in it.Genes in G.max exsist higher linkage disequilibrium with in G.soja.Glyma.01G198100,Glyma.08G051600,Glyma.14G189400,Glyma14G146700,Glyma.17G076100 are under selstion during domescation,considering them as characteristic genes in cultivated soybean.3 The result of five gene’s haplotype network is different,the mainly domestication centers of Glyma.01G198100 in G.max is Yangtze river area,the mainly domestication centers of Glyma.08G051600 in G.max is Huanghuai area,the mainly domestication centers of Glyma.14G189400 in G.max is Huanghuai area,the mainly domestication centers of Glyma.14G146700 in G.max is Huanan area,the mainly domestication centers of Glyma.17G076100 in G.max is south-west area.The result of neighbor-joining tree indicate north-east area,Huanghuai area,and Huanan area may be may be the mainly domestication centers.The study discusssion the possible function of characteristic genes in cultivated soybean.