Toxicity And Sublethal Effects Of Seven Insecticides On Apis Cerana Cerana (Hainana)

Apis cerana cerana is a kind of valuable germplasm resources in China,and A.cerana cerana(hainana)is only found in Hainan as a major pollinator for local vegetation and traditional agriculture.Abamectin,emamectin benzoate,beta-cypermethrin-emamectin benzoate,lambda-cyhalothrin,pyridaben,clofentezine-pyridaben have been widely used to control pests in agriculture and forestry.A.cerana cerana is more sensitive to pesticides compared to A.mellifera.In this thesis,the virulence and sublethal effect of seven insecticides against A.cerana cerana(hainana)were conducted.The main results were as follows:1.The results of toxic detection indicated that the acute intake toxicity of abamectin TC(0.028mg/L for LC50),emamectin benzoate ME(0.033mg/L)and beta-cypermethrin·emamectin benzoate EC(0.263mg/L)were highly toxic against A.cerana cerana(hainana),and lambda-cyhalothrin TC(4.635mg/L)and preparations(2.093mg/L),pyridaben WP(3.072mg/L)and clofentezine-pyridaben WP(6.138mg/L)were high toxicity.The contact toxicity of abamectin TC(0.425ng/Bee for LD50)and emamectin benzoate ME(0.421ng/Bee)were highly toxic against A.cerana cerana{hainana),and lambda-cyhalothrin TC(23.465ng/Bee)and preparations(49.693ng/Bee),pyridaben WP(1629.888ng/Bee)and beta-cypermethrin-emamectin benzoate EC(4.984ng/Bee)were high toxicity while clofentezine·pyridaben WP(2646.241ng/Bee)was medium toxicity.The risk assessment results showed that pyridaben WP(230.077 for HQ)and clofentezine-pyridaben WP(177.138)were medium risk for A.cerana cerana(hainana),however,the other three pesticides were all high risk,and the risk of beta-cypermethrin-emamectin benzoate EC(210674.157)was highest.2.The olfactory sensitivity of A.cerana cerana(hainana)to different concentrations of cane sugar solutions when workers were treated with either thoracic application or oral consumption with sublethal doses of pesticides was carried on by proboscis extension response(PER).The results showed that the sensitivity of workers to water was increased after they exposed to five insecticides.The sensitivity of worker antennal stimulation to sucrose solutions(0.10%?30%)was significantly reduced(P<0.01)by thoracic application with lambda-cyhalothrin ME at doses of 20.65ng/bee.However,the sensitivity of antennal stimulation to 0.1%and 0.3%sucrose solutions was significantly increased(P<0.01)by oral consumption of lambda-cyhalothrin ME at doses of 1.15 and 1.875ng/bee.In addition,the olfactory sensitivity of workers to cane sugar solutions was increased when they were treated with thoracic application and oral consumption of emamectin benzoate ME,pyridaben WP,beta-cypermethrin-emamectin benzoate EC,clofentezine pyridaben WP.3.The activity effect of abamectin and lambda-cyhalothrin with sublethal dose on CarE and GSTs from Apis cerana cerana(hainana)was examined by enzyme inhibition test.The results showed that the high activity of CarE was obviously induced when Apis cerana cerana(hainana)was fed with the sublethal dose of abamectin and lambda-cyhalothrin.GSTs activity was induced to be high at LCs dose of abamectin,however,it was inhibited at LC10?LC40 dose.And LC5?LC40 dose of lambda-cyhalothrin was not significant effective on GSTs.The last but not least,the activity of CarE was induced at the beginning and then inhibited but there was no apparent effect on GSTs when A.cerana cerana(hainana)was treated with LC10 dose of abamectin and lambda-cyhalothrin for 72h.