Research On Smoke Migration Law Of High-speed Train Car Fire And Optimization Of Prevention And Control Technology

The large-scale development of high-speed trains in China has brought major challenges to the fire safety of high-speed trains.Smoke-proof technology of highspeed trains is an important guarantee for reducing fire losses and ensuring the safe evacuation of passengers.In this paper,a typical high-speed train CRH380 A second-class car is taken as the research object,based on a large number of field investigations and literature review,summarizes and analyzes the fire characteristics and combustion characteristics of high-speed train cars,and designs a smoke prevention scheme based on buoyant plume characteristics;.Based on this,a CFD numerical physical model is built.Fire smoke temperature field,concentration field and velocity field are quantitatively analyzed in a timely manner.Combined with the 1: 8 small-scale fire test,the changes in parameters such as the temperature field,concentration field,high-speed smoke layer,and pressure of the cabin are examined to determine the fire conditions.For its best smoke control technical measures,research shows that:(1)Without additional ventilation measures,the smoke quickly fills the entire car,posing a high risk of fire.Opening doors and windows will cause the overall temperature in the compartment to rise and accelerate the deposition rate of the smoke layer,but it can slow down the smoke to the compartment The front room spreads;(2)Opening the top smoke exhaust window can achieve a better smoke exhaust effect.After opening the natural smoke exhaust window,only a high temperature area is formed in the middle of the compartment.3)The pressurized air supply devices at the front compartments at both ends of the car can improve the smoke exhaust effect of the smoke exhaust window,and can suppress the fire smoke in the range of 2m near the fire source.(4)The best smoke control measures for train power system failures are to open the top natural smoke exhaust window;under normal conditions of the power system,turning on the mechanical smoke exhaust fan or using a combination of pressurized supply top smoke exhaust windows can be fast and effective.The hightemperature smoke is discharged out of the carriage,and the running state of the train and fire position has a small effect on the effectiveness of the combination mode of the top exhaust smoke window.This research course can provide scientific basis and theoretical basis for high-speed train fire personnel evacuation,emergency rescue and disaster prevention and mitigation.