Research On The Difference Of High-speed Railway Passenger Fare Based On Pre-sale Period

In recent years,high-speed railways have developed rapidly as a product of a new era in the railway field.At the same time,along with the current situation that railway revenues are at a loss,high-speed railways are constantly trying to explore new models to promote the development of the entire railway industry.Among them,passenger fare strategy has a direct impact on the competitiveness and profitability of high-speed railway channels.With the pace of reforms,passenger fares on high-speed railways are gradually moving towards a flexible fare adjustment mechanism,and fare differentiation has received widespread attention.However,due to the imperfect fare adjustment mechanism and the low adjustment intensity,the current fare adjustment is still in Exploration period.To this end,this article introduces a fare differentiation strategy based on the pre-sale period.The division of the pre-sale period links the fare strategy with the passengers' ticket purchase needs.At the same time,considering the uneven development of China's regional development,a reasonable differentiated ticket price is formulated,in order to coordinate the relationship between passengers and operating departments in high-speed rail transportation services,increase the enthusiasm of passengers to buy tickets during the pre-sale period,and thus improve the profitability of high-speed rail.From the perspective of the long-term development of high-speed railways,fare differentiation strategies can bring differentiated competitive advantages to high-speed railways and have important practical significance.The following questions are studied in this paper:Firstly,by analyzing the development of high-speed railway and the research status of high-speed railway ticket price in China,and deeply analyzing the operation status of high-speed railway in China,the results show that the fare differentiation strategy is a powerful measure for domestic high-speed railway passenger fare reform.At the same time,taking into account the differences in economic development between the central and western regions of the country and the eastern region,fares are more rationalized according to regional division.Secondly,this paper introduces the relevant concepts and theoretical basis involved in the research,and then collects relevant data through questionnaire survey and ticket purchase situation in pre-sale period,so as to discuss the characteristics of ticket demand of passengers.The research results show that there is a certain period of preference for passengers during the pre-sale period.Therefore,the thesis puts forward the idea of dividing the pre-sale time period based on the passenger ticket purchase demand intensity as the standard and dividing the pre-sale time period according to the passenger ticket purchase time preference characteristics.Thirdly,a bi-level programming model is established for the differentiation of passenger fares in the pre-sale period.Among them,the upper layer makes the decision to maximize the profit of the high-speed railway operation department,while the lower layer makes the decision to minimize the passenger cost,and reflected the relationship between the upper and lower layers through the decision variable time ticket and time ticket purchase.Finally,the examples are verified according to the model.Taking the G41 train product in the eastern region and the D2656 train product in the central and western regions as examples,the calculation is performed using MATLAB software.The results show that:(1)Due to the different economic development in different regions,the passenger ticket purchase needs show different characteristics,which results in the difference in the preference of passengers during the time of ticket purchase.According to the results of different ticket prices during the analysis period,passengers in the central and western regions are more sensitive to ticket price changes than those in the eastern regions.When the ticket price is reduced in the early peak period of the pre-sale period,the passenger demand for tickets increases significantly compared with that of the eastern region,while for the eastern region,the price elasticity of demand is relatively small,and the impact of the price increase strategy on the passenger purchase is less than that of the central and western regions.(2)When the ticket price improves the profitability of the train products in the pre-sale period of the operating department,the passenger demand is met,the acquired value is increased,the dependence on high-speed railway travel is strengthened,and the potential passenger demand is stimulated.Thus,the number of tickets purchased in the pre-sale period increases,and the profitability of high-speed railway is further strengthened.In a word,the passenger fare differentiation strategy based on the pre-sale period can better meet the interests of both high-speed railway operation and management departments and passengers,and stimulate the potential demand to improve the competitiveness of high-speed railway market.