Research On Neck Injury Mechanism Of 3-year-old Child Occupant During Vehicle Impact

In automobile traffic accidents,occupant safety is an important issue of global concern,among which the safety of child occupants is very important.Because children have special physiological characteristics compared with adults.Among the child injuries caused by traffic accidents,neck injuries are an important form of illness and even death of child occupants.The study on the mechanism of neck injury in children can be used as a reference in the study of the safety of automobile design and the reduction of neck injury in children occupants.Because of the particularity of children's physiological structure,the study of children's injury has always been a complex but important topic.Children's cadaver experiment,volunteer experiment and dummy experiment are commonly used to study the neck injury of children.However,it is difficult to obtain cadaver samples and the cost is high.Volunteer experiment is limited to ensure the safety of volunteers.Dummy experiment is difficult to simulate real human injury.In recent years,with the rapid development of computer technology,the finite element simulation technology has been strongly supported by hardware.Because of its high simulation degree and low cost,the finite element model has become an important method to study damage biomechanics.This study was based on a three-year-old child's head and neck finite element model to study the biomechanical response of the child's neck during flexion and extension.The present finite element model of 3-year-old children's head and neck was perfected,and the neck bending cadaver experiment was reconstructed.The validity of the finite element model of 3-year-old children's head and neck was further verified.The effects of muscle tissue on the biomechanical response of neck bending were compared and analyzed.The results show that the moment and rotation data curve of bending simulation test are consistent with those of cadaver experiment.The validity of the model is verified,and it has high bio-simulation degree,which can be used for further research.In the simulation experiment,the rotation angle of the neck with muscle tissue model is obviously smaller than that without muscle tissue model,and the maximum strain of the neck ligament with muscle tissue model is smaller than that without muscle tissue model when bending.The present three-year-old children's head and neck finite element model,which has been perfected and validated,was used to study the response of 3-year-old children's occupants to neck injury.Five different acceleration shocks were applied to simulate the rear impact of a car.The damage response of a 3-year-old child's finite element model in the simulation experiment was analyzed based on whiplash injury using finite element method and damage biomechanics theory.Based On the basis of the verified and perfect finite element model of head and neck of 3-year-old children,the finite element model of other parts of 3-year-old children in our research group was connected and perfected.The Whipping test in E-NCAP and Euro-NCAP was simulated with the complete finite element model of 3-year-old children's crew.The complete three-year-old children's whole person model was applied to the simulation test for the first time and analyzed.The neck motion response and damage response are studied to provide theoretical reference and basis for future research on neck damage response and vehicle crash safety.