Thermostatically Controlled Loads Control Strategy And Reward Mechanism For Smart Grid Frequency Regulation

When a large number of thermostatically controlled loads(TCLs)are reasonably controlled,they can play a highly effective aggregation flexibility,which makes TCLs provide a variety of ancillary services for smart grid.This paper mainly studies the frequency regulation service in ancillary services,with the aim of stabilizing the operation of power grid,optimizing the mode of power consumption and saving energy.For the three aspects of minimizing frequency deviation of power grid,frequency optimization considering user comfort and encouraging users to participate in frequency regulation service,TCLs control strategies are designed respectively.The specific research contents are as follows:Firstly,the common physical models of TCLs are introduced,including first-order ordinary differential equation model,aggregated population bilinear model,and the evolution laws of temperature,energy and switching state of TCLs are described.The basic control methods,including on/off control method and temperature setting control method,are studied.The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are pointed out to prepare for the following research.Then,the frequency regulation service of smart grid is described in detail.Taking the automatic generation control(AGC)signal as an example to simulate the difference between supply and demand,the frequency deviation of power grid is optimized.The TCLs control strategy of based on genetic algorithm is designed.The first-order differential equation model is selected as the TCLs model,and the temperature setting value control method is selected as the basic control method.The constraints of temperature setting value and aggregate power consumption are established.The genetic algorithm of intelligent optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem.The simulation results show that the control strategy based on genetic algorithm is effective.Next,considering the user's comfort on the basis of frequency regulation service,a power company cost optimization model considering the compromise betweenfrequency regulation and user's comfort is established.This cost is used as the expense for dispatching users participating in frequency regulation service.A TCLs control strategy based on tracking-differentiator(TD)is designed to compromise the frequency adjustment deviation and user's comfort.The influence of TCLs grouping control on cost of power company,frequency adjustment deviation and user discomfort is studied.Finally,in order to motivate users to participate in frequency regulation services and solve the drawbacks of temperature priority,a control method based on energy priority is designed,and a reward allocation mechanism is established.The influence of TCLs parameters and building parameters on the energy of TCLs is studied.These factors are summarized as energy storage model.Taking the energy to be charged and the remaining energy as indicators,the TCLs is prioritized.The energy priority method and temperature priority method are compared from three aspects of frequency regulation deviation,user comfort and compressor service life.Taking energy supply index as an index,this paper establishes a reward allocation mechanism,and analyses the fairness of the reward allocation mechanism.