| Land as an indispensable and important environmental factor in human production and life,and it is also a combination of ecology,society and economy.It was a hot issue in this field land use/cover change(LUCC)was quantitatively analyzed by landscape ecology in recent years.Terrain as an important factor in natural environment can directly or indirectly affect the material flowing and energy cycling of ecosystem,so its spatial characteristics have a significant impact on the evolution process of landscape pattern.The gradient effect of landscape pattern based on topographic factors had also attracted widespread attention,and the study of gradient effect of landscape pattern is not only beneficial to the overall control of regional ecological environment,but also provide data support for the optimization of landscape pattern.The simulation and prediction of landscape pattern have a long-term and far-reaching influence on the land use resources as well as the spatial and temporal evolution of landscape pattern.These reseaches can effectively made people have a deeper and earlier understanding of the natural environment.These help the development of land use system have a more rational way of planning in the future.Based on the data of remote sensing image interpretation data of Fuzhou in 1995,2005 and 2015,and natural as well as socio-economic data.Supported by RS and GIS platform,this study utilized the methods of terrain index,land use distribution index,geo-information map analysis and landscape index.In the meantime,with the help of Markov,Cellular Automata(CA)and Logistic regression analysis theory models.There was a depth discussion which was under the effect of terrain gradient that spatial and temporal evolution characteristics as well as regulations of land use landscape pattern of Fuzhou.Then the quantitative relationship between the spatial occurrence probability of different landscape types and the driving factors of evolution was analyzed by Logistic regression model.Finally,a Logistic-CA-Markov coupling model was constructed to simulate the evolution of landscape pattern of Fuzhou in 2025.These results can be used as the basic of constructive and scientific decisionmaking,giving great contributions to the structural optimization of landscape pattern and the development direction of ecological environmental protection of Fuzhou City.The results indicated that:(1)The land use structure of Fuzhou had changed significantly in the past 20 years.From 1995 to 2015,the change of land use structure in Fuzhou mainly manifested in the decrease of forestland,farmland and unused land,while the construction land and water was increasing.The change of construction land was the most obviously among the five types of land.From 1995 to 2005,the flow direction of construction land was mainly transferred in,while forestland,farmland and unused land was mainly transferred out.The two-way change of water was more balanced compared with other four types of land.From 2005 to 2015,the change direction of forestland,farmland and construction land was almost the same as thosse of the previous 10 years,but the change direction of water and unused land was slightly different.(2)Landscape types in the study area were greatly different from every kinds of terrain gradients.Only the dominant distribution area of construction land had changed in the past 20 years.The dominant distribution area of forestland was in 4-10 grade terrain gradients,while farmland,water,construction land and unused land were mainly in 1-2 or 1-3 grade terrain gradients.The spatial distribution characteristics of each landscape type showed that there were significant similarity and continuity.In the landscape type change map of Fuzhou from 1995 to 2015,the states of these main types which were mostly distributed in the middle-low terrain gradient were stable.In middle-high and high grade terrain gradients region,there were mainly distributed in the low grade terrain gradient area among the prophase change type,repeated change type,anaphase change type and continuous change type.(3)The spatial and temporal differences of landscape pattern index of the study area were obvious.Based on the analysis of terrain gradient effect and landscape index,it was concluded that the distribution of landscape patch had been decreasing constantly,while fragmentation and heterogeneity of landscape had been increasing during 1995~2015,which leading to the weakening of landscape dominant role.With the increasing of terrain index,the fragmentation of landscape pattern had been alleviating,while connectivity and aggregation degree between landscape patches had been increasing continuously.However,the shape of landscape patches tended to simplify.Due to the reducing of diversity and heterogeneity of landscape,the dominant role of a single landscape in high terrain area became more significant.(4)There was a quantitative relationship between driving factors and transition probabilities of landscape types.From the results of logistic regression model,it could be seen that the ROC curve test results of each landscape type meet the research criteria which indicated that the regression model had a good explanatory ability for driving factors.Through analyzing the quantitative relationship between the spatial occurrence probability of each landscape type and the driving factors,the results showed that the transition of forestland was mainly affected by topographic factors.Transitions of farmland,water and unused land were mainly affected by accessibility factors,while construction land was mainly affected by economic factors.(5)Constructing Logistic-CA-Markov coupling model to simulate the evolution of landscape pattern of Fuzhou in 2025.The results demonstrated that the proportion of forestland,farmland,water and unused land of Fuzhou would decrease,but construction land would increase from 2015 to 2025.The contradiction between human and land would become increasingly serious.It would be more difficult to achieve the goal of ecological environment protection under these circumstances of natural development.It would be a severe challenge toward socio-economic development and the construction of ecological civilization in the future if we do not take any specific measures.(6)According to the results of the research,this paper put forward specific strategies to optimize and upgrade the landscape pattern of Fuzhou City.Through the study,three specific problems of landscape pattern of Fuzhou were found.Firstly,because of the imbalance of landscape spatial structure,the unreasonable allocation occurred in various topographic regions.Secondly,due to the acceleration of urbanization,people lack of awareness of environmental protection.Thirdly,with the increasing intensity of human interference year by year,the sustainability of landscape pattern was declining.Through the analysis of these problems,there were three following optimization strategies were put forward.First of all,regulating the spatial structure of landscape pattern in different terrain gradient regions.In the second place,strengthening the management of urban landscape ecological environment.Last but not least,maintaining the future sustainability of urban landscape pattern.At the end of this research,the relationship among natural resources,land use and green space system was discussed in a further extent,and the practical significance of this study for construction of landscape architecture discipline system as well as the important position of the discipline in the future urban development were summarized. |
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