| Globalization,informationization and networking are deeply affecting the global and regional urban system.The traditional "local space" is being replaced by "flow space",and the urban system in China is gradually changing from a "hierarchical" system to a "networked" organization.With the deepening of research,the focus of attention extends from "physical network" represented by infrastructure to "virtual network" related to social economy,politics and culture.With the development of China's economy becoming more and more knowledge-based,knowledge links among cities are reshaping the urban relations,functions and spatial organization of China's urban system.With the theme of urban network and from the perspective of comparison between "physical network" and "virtual network",this paper systematically describes the spatial-temporal heterogeneity and complexity of China's inter-city aviation network and innovation network from the aspects of network attributes,spatial structure,spatial organization and impact mechanism by means of large data mining,complex network,spatial analysis and spatial metrology,and further describes the spatialtemporal heterogeneity and complexity of China's inter-city aviation network and innovation network.This paper explores the spatial marginal effect of air transport on innovation spillover from the theoretical and empirical perspectives.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From the point of view of network nodes,the strength of the nodes of China's inter-city aviation network and innovation network presents the characteristics of zonal differentiation and multi-center distribution,which have typical spatial heterogeneity and hierarchical characteristics,but the spatial agglomeration and Matthew effect of innovation network are stronger than that of aviation network.Aviation network presents a multi-center-periphery distribution,the hierarchical structure is gradually flattened,and the high-strength nodes are gradually expanding from the eastern coast to the central and Western regions.Innovation network is characterized by "large agglomeration and small dispersion",and the hierarchical structure is becoming increasingly conical.Cities with high and medium strength values are continuously clustering in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta along the eastern coast.Beijing and Shanghai are the core cities of the network,while provincial capitals and tourist cities are the main sub-core cities of the aviation network,while manufacturing developed cities are the main sub-core of the innovation network.The overall compatibility between the two cities at different levels is low.(2)From the perspective of network connection,the spatial hierarchy characteristics of China's inter-city aviation network and innovation network are remarkable,and the spatial structure of the two networks has obvious succession.The spatial structure of aviation network has evolved from point-to-point structure to "axisspoke" network structure,and the direction of regional air passenger flow shows the phenomenon of "central collapse" between East and West strong and middle weak;while the innovation network has evolved from parallelogram to diamond spatial structure,and the direction of innovation technology transfer conforms to the gradient transfer law of east,West and West decreasing.The relationship between the two networks generally presents the hierarchical characteristics of Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the core hub,regional central cities as the secondary core,and descending to low-level nodes in turn.However,the spatial coupling between the inter-city aviation network and the innovation network is low,and there is a certain spatial mismatch between them.(3)From the point of view of network clustering,both of them have developed a certain degree of community agglomeration,but the complexity of community structure of aviation network is lower than that of innovation network,and the path creation of network growth is weaker.Aviation network community network shows balanced cross-border expansion,and spatial clustering characteristics are not obvious,which is represented by the "axis-spoke" spatial organization of most non-axis cities in the few axis City linking networks such as North,Shangzhou and Guangzhou,while innovation network community shows the inward growth of agglomeration,the spatial clustering characteristics are confused,and the network spatial links are north,upper and deep on a large scale.Core cities spread to other cities with lower innovative energy levels,and at the same time,they also show the contact diffusion of geographical proximity on the medium and small scales.The growth of aviation network shows the path dependence of the original relationship,and the opening of new routes also has the attribute of administrative planning and predictability.The growth of innovative network relationship shows the path dependence,path extinction and path creation,among which the creation of new routes is contingent and random.(4)From the perspective of network influencing factors,the virtual network represented by innovation network does not depend entirely on the physical network represented by aviation network.The level of economic development,population size,degree of opening to the outside world,administrative level,industrial structure,geographical distance and other socio-economic attributes of the city have different degrees of impact on the inter-city aviation network and innovation network.These factors coexist in the role of differences and similarities.Economic development level,administrative level and industrial development level all have positive effects on urban air passenger flow and innovative technology transfer,while the level of opening-up has promoting effect on urban air passenger flow,but has restraining effect on inter-city technology transfer.Geographical distance has no significant effect on inter-city air passenger flow,but has obstructive effect on innovative technology transfer.(5)From the point of view of network coupling effect,air network accessibility has a positive effect on innovation technology transfer at the individual level and the urban connection level,but the marginal intensity of this effect is different in different spatial ranges,and it has a non-linear function relationship with geographical distance.Among them,the radiation effect of urban aviation accessibility on innovation technology transfer has the best distance range of 1500-1800 km.Beijing,Shanghai and Shenzhen,the three core cities of technological innovation,can achieve full coverage of the above-mentioned distances by relying on the accessibility of ideal aviation network.However,the radius of innovation radiation centered on Beijing,Shanghai and Shenzhen is still far lower than the depth of China's East-West or northsouth space. |
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