Vulnerability Analysis Of Complementary High-speed Rail And Air Transportation Systems

China's high-speed rail and airline systems take the responsibility of domestic longdistance transportation.Many cities have both high-speed rail stations and airports,so highspeed rail and air systems play complementary roles in long-distance transportation.At the same time,high-speed rail and airline systems are frequently affected by typhoons,rainstorms,snowstorms and other disasters,resulting in large-scale cancellations or delays of trains and flights,affecting people's travel.So the research on the vulnerability of highspeed rail and airline system under disasters,has a strong practical significance.However,most of the current related studies only analyze the vulnerability of a single system,there are few studies about the vulnerability from the perspective of complementarity.In this paper,the vulnerability analysis of China's high-speed rail and airline systems is divided into two parts.One part is the accessibility analysis of complementary systems,we choose accessibility to evaluate the performance of the system.Vulnerability of a system is defined as its accessibility drop under a disruptive event.The other part is the vulnerability analysis of complementary systems under disasters.After making connections between high-speed rail and airline system,this paper presents a method of calculating the accessibility of complementary system based on train and flight timetable,and then analyses the accessibility of high-speed rail system and airline system in different time zones at different departure times.This paper analyses the vulnerability of complementary systems under random failures,degree-based attacks and spatially localized attacks,and the dynamic complementary strength of the two systems under disasters is quantified.The results show that the high-speed rail accessibility and complementary system accessibility of cities in the Yangtze River Delta region are better than those of first-tier cities and quasi-first-tier cities;at different departure times,the fluctuation of city's air accessibility is small,the high-speed rail accessibility fluctuates greatly at night,and the accessibility of complementary system is higher than that of single system;the high-speed rail system under random failures is more vulnerable than airline system;when the damage probability is low,the dynamic complementary strength of airline system on the high-speed rail system is stronger,it is the opposite when the damage probability is high;under spatially localized attacks,when the damage radius is less than 50 km,the critical areas of the highspeed rail system is in the Yangtze River Delta while the airline system is in the Pearl River Delta,and when the damage radius is greater than 50 km but less than 300 km,the critical areas of the high-speed rail system and the airline system are both in the Yangtze River Delta,but the centers of the areas are different.