| The population of cities has been increased recently due to increasing level of urbanization in China,which also leads to lots of traffic jams.The government and planners should pay more attention to giving the first priority to develop the public transit system in order to meet the new traffic demand.The huge transfer hub has been applied in recent years,and play a critical role in the transportation network.As an essential part of the transfer hub,pedestrian level of service will affect the productivity of the hub operation.The level of service is also related to the comfort and safety of the pedestrian and will help to improve the attraction rate of public transit.The Bluetooth technology was implied to detect the pedestrian flow originally in this paper.The study site was located in Xinzhuang transfer hub in Shanghai,which is a multi-modal hub including metro line,bus and taxi.The speed and travel time of pedestrian moving in the hub was calculated using the BlueMAC devices.The speed was analyzed after the Bluetooth data processing,and the results show that the speed of the out of metro station flow was lower than the in-station flow in the metro station.To have an overall insight into the pedestrian characteristics and the level of service,a simulation model was developed using the social force theory which used the Bluetooth data as input data.The pedestrian flow model was analyzed based on the pedestrian flow theory in previous research.However,the pedestrian flow is bidirectional in this study and the results indicate that the relationship between speed and density is quadric,which is same as the relationship between density and volume,the relationship between speed and volume is cubic.Moreover,the speed ration,density and level of service time were set as the indicators to evaluate the pedestrian level of service of the transfer hub.Finally,an analytical model was developed using queueing theory to reveal the impacts of design of facility on the service rate.The input of the modal are the Bluetooth data and the simulation results.The discussion of the relationship between the level of service and the facility design shows that with a larger width of the walkway,the sensitivity of the pedestrian to density and service rate is lower,and with a higher level of service,the facility service rate will increase quickly when broaden the width.The purpose of this paper is to explore the feasibility of using Bluetooth technology to detect the pedestrian flow in transfer hub in China.Furthermore,a simulation model based on the social force theory was developed to model the pedestrian flow characteristics and the level of service in the transfer hub.To give an insight into the impacts of facility design on the level of service,a queuing based analytical model was developed.The innovation of this paper is using simulation and Bluetooth technology to describe the pedestrian level of service in transfer hub,which will help designers and planner to make decision and also sheds light on the improvement of service in transfer hub. |
