| With the continuous improvement of Chinese urbanization level and the rapid growth of urban population,the scale and frequency of pedestrian travel in walking transportation facilities such as transportation hub,gymnasium,etc.will further increase,and the pedestrian stamped accidents might become more and more frequent.In addition,using computer simulation technology to research basic transportation characteristics of pedestrian in different evacuation conditions has been common while the computer simulation technology is becoming more mature.The paper is committed to exploring the generation mechanism of microscopic behavior and macroscopic features in the process of pedestrian evacuation while the pedestrian is influenced by spatial obstacles,thus to direct the construction of walking facilities,the organization and design of pedestrian traffic flow and the management of pedestrian safety.After introducing the relevant theory of cellular automata model and the research status in the field of pedestrian evacuation with spatial obstacles,the pedestrian flow simulation model is built to explore the influence of obstacles on pedestrian microscopic and macroscopic traffic characteristics in various evacuation scenes.The main research contents are following:Firstly,when obstacles don’t affect the pedestrian visual,a retardation coefficient is introduced to describe the effect of obstacle slowing pedestrian movement.The calculation method of shortest estimated distance from site cell to safety exit,which is based on obstacle layout and retardation coefficient,will be constructed to describe the repulsive or isolation effect of obstacle on pedestrian.In addition,the movement probability is introduced to reduce the differentiation between the evacuation movement distance and the shortest estimated distance which is caused by spatial discretization and obstacle retardation coefficient in the room with spatial obstacles.It is shown that several classic pedestrian evacuation physics can be observed by using the improved dynamic parameter simulation model to research pedestrian evacuation in various evacuation scenes.Secondly,construct the pedestrian evacuation scene without evacuation sign by redefining the basic and evolutionary rules of the model while obstacles affecting the pedestrian visual.At the same time,the influencing factors such as pedestrian visual radius and safety exit layout will be altered to analyze the effects of above factors on system evacuation time and pedestrian evacuation behavior.Moreover,the methods such as "filling with tangent-circles" and "setting at hinge node" are applied to set up evacuation signs and explore the improvement of evacuation signs on the safety and stability of pedestrian evacuation.Thirdly,combine qualitative method with quantitative method to collect the evacuation data of pedestrian in classroom.And then,the retardation coefficient of spatial obstacles will be calibrated by building the fitting curve between system simulation error and retardation coefficient,while the differentiation between different spatial obstacles should be considered.Furthermore,the layout of spatial obstacles will be adjusted to form movement channels with different width,number and orientation,and the pedestrian simulation model with calibrated retardation coefficient will be used to study the influence mechanism of obstacle layout on evacuation time and pedestrian path selection behavior.Finally,an experimental comparison analysis is introduced to verify the authenticity and objectivity of retardation coefficient calibration results,thus to illustrate that the simulation results are precise.And the main research results of this paper would be applied to super curtain ball in Sky Screen New Color cinema to optimize the evacuation space,so that the optimization and adjustment strategy of evacuation space with obstacles will also be proposed. |
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