| Villages are the choices made by human beings in the process of long-term production and life practice,which are adapted to and interacted with many factors such as nature and society.Driven by special natural and social factors,the distribution of villages in Southwest China presents its unique distribution characteristics.With the development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards,the living standards and lifestyles of villagers have undergone tremendous changes,and the concept of human settlements has been constantly updated.At the same time,with the acceleration of urbanization in China,a series of economic,social and environmental problems have arisen.Higher requirements are put forward for the quality,structure and function of the current villagers'living environment.Without harmonious and safe livable environment,the harmonious development of society can not be realized.Therefore,the evaluation of natural livability and the optimization of village layout are conducive to the protection of human living space,the improvement of human living environment,the rational utilization of natural resources,and the guarantee of harmony and health between human society and nature.Health and sustainable development are of great significance.Villages are the choices made by human beings in the process of long-term production and life practice,which are adapted to and interacted with many factors such as nature and society.Driven by special natural and social factors,the distribution of villages in Southwest China presents unique spatial characteristics.This paper chooses three provinces and one city in Southwest China as the research object,takes ArcGIS software as the technical platform,and extracts six topographic factors based on DEM of the research area,namely,elevation,slope,slope direction,surface roughness,section curvature and plane curvature.After classifying and analyzing the six topographic factors,the corresponding results are obtained.The relationship between topographic factors and distribution pattern of villages is analyzed by using distribution index and information entropy calculation.A calculation model and method of suitability evaluation of human settlements environment based on various elements of natural environment are put forward.Four calculation models of topographic fluctuation,temperature and humidity index,hydrological index and land cover index are used to evaluate topographic conditions,climatic conditions,hydrological conditions and land cover respectively.Finally,a weighted model of human settlements environment index is established to evaluate the natural suitability of human settlements in three provinces and one city in southwest China.The results show that:(1)The areas with elevations of 500-1000m and 1500-2000m,slopes of 0-5degree,5-15 degree,east-to-east slopes,areas with surface roughness of 1-1.1 degree,areas with profile curvature of 0-5 degree and areas with plane curvature of 0-10degree are the dominant topographic positions of village distribution.The number and order of villages decrease with the increase or increase of elevation,slope,slope direction,surface roughness,section curvature and plane curvature.(2)The lowest value of topographic fluctuation is-0.120 and the maximum value is 1.670.The general trend is high in the north,low in the south,highest in the northwest and lowest in the southeast,with a stepped decline from north to south.The temperature and humidity index is between 12 and 76,and the high value areas are concentrated in the east,South and southeast.The hydrological index is between0.062 and 0.913,and the low value areas are concentrated in the Northwest Plateau and the Southeast Yunnan-Guizhou plateau,and the high value areas.Concentrate in the eastern and southern,southeastern fringe areas,a small part of the eastern Sichuan Basin low-value sporadic distribution;NDVI value between-0.120 and 0.873,high-value areas concentrated in the eastern and southwestern,low-value centers concentrated in the northwest,low-value scattered distribution in the central;land use types are mainly arable land,forest land,grassland,water area,construction land and unused land,occupying an area.They are 272776 km~2,508896 km~2,305256 km~2,9138 km~2,10905 km~2and 19870 km~2,respectively.The index value ranges from-0.041 to 0.655,the low value areas are concentrated in the northwest,the high value areas are concentrated in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding mountainous areas,as well as the southern and Southeastern Marginal areas,and the overall distribution status is high and low value distribution.The human settlements environmental index ranges from 12 to 64.The low value areas of the spatial human settlements environmental index are mainly concentrated in the western Sichuan plateau and the surrounding mountainous areas in the northwest of Sichuan Province.The high value areas are distributed in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding mountainous areas,the southwest and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau surrounding areas and the Yangtze River Basin,and the high and low value areas in the central and western regions are distributed alternately.(3)In the spatial distribution pattern of villages,the dense zone of villages distributes along the Yangtze River,mainly concentrated in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding mountainous areas,high in the East and middle,low in the South and northwest,with the characteristics of large-scale sparse and small-scale concentration,and shows a trend of increasing from west to East and from north to south.(4)The Natural Suitability of human settlements can be divided into five grades:highly suitable,relatively suitable,generally suitable,critical suitable and unsuitable.The area occupied is 122 369.26 km~2,319925.22 km~2,351992.80 km~2,186400.89km~2 and 146827.58 km~2.The proportion of the study area occupied is 10.85%,28.37%,31.22%,16.53%,13.02%,and the number of villages is 1676,3989,3093,575 and 25,respectively.The proportion was 17.91%,42.63%,33.05%,6.14%and0.27%respectively.The area of villages was 73.05 km~2,181.5 km~2,152.63 km~2,31.51km~2 and 1.02 km~2,accounting for 16.61%,41.28%,34.71%,7.17%and 0.23%respectively.The distribution of villages in the study area is mainly suitable areas and general suitable areas.A considerable number of villages are still located in critical suitable areas and unsuitable areas,accounting for 6.41%of the total number of villages in the study area.(5)Natural livability is divided into five categories:highly suitable,suitable,generally suitable,critically suitable and unsuitable.The area occupied is122369.26km~2,319925.22km~2,351992.80km~2,186400.89km~2,and 146827.58km~2,respectively.The proportion of the area is 10.85%,28.37%,31.22%,16.53%,13.02%,and the study area is mainly suitable area and general suitable area,accounting for59.60%of the total area of the study area.The unsuitable and critically suitable area accounts for the study area.29.55%,indicating that a considerable part of the study area is not suitable for human production.(6)The spatial matching relationship between village distribution and natural livability.In the highly appropriate,suitable,generally suitable,critically suitable and unsuitable areas,the number of village plaques is 1676,3189,2693,1075,725,respectively,accounting for 17.91%,34.08%,28.78%,respectively.11.49%,7.75%,the village plaque area was 73.05km~2,137.88km~2,132.86km~2,53.39km~2,31.79km~2,accounting for 17.03%,32.14%,30.97%,12.45%,7.41%,respectively.The distribution of villages in the study area is mainly suitable area and general suitable area.There are still a considerable number of villages distributed in critically suitable areas and unsuitable areas,accounting for 19.86%of the number of plaques in the study area.(7)Based on the relationship between topographic factors and the distribution of villages,combined with the evaluation results of natural livability,this paper puts forward some suggestions on optimizing the distribution of villages in the study area from four aspects:ecological construction,ecological migration,economic development and improving the quality of natural livability. |
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