Evolution Of Water Adaptable Landscape Pattern Based On The Human And Water Relationships

Water adaptive landscape pattern is a landscape spatial pattern formed by predecessors in their long-term life and practice,mainly dealing with drought and flood disasters and water management,supplemented by natural environment and climate factors.The local landscape is the adaptive landscape of China,the product of thousands of years of farming civilization,the experience of our ancestors in dealing with natural disasters such as floods,droughts,earthquakes,landslides,debris flows,and in choosing residence,farming,irrigation and planting.In the research of water adaptive landscape,the main purpose is to study the construction methods and landscape elements of the ancients in water adaptive landscape,providing the corresponding reference for the current urban environment.Based on the current severe water environment problems and the deterioration and alienation of the relationship between human and water,the paper selected Beijing as the research area,among which ancient villages selected Beijing Cundixia Village and Beijing Old Town as the research area.In the research of water adaptive landscape,thispaper reveals the manifestations of water adaptive landscape from different scales by means of GIS analysis,literature review,case analysis,field investigation and comparative analysis.At the same time,based on the analysis of different scales,this paper summarizes the landscape spatial behavior activities caused by water as a catalyst,in order to explore the spatial behavior activities of human and water.Based on the analysis of spatial syntax,this paper studies the network evolution process of urban street water system and the changes of the relationship between human and water.Finally,the impact of landscape spatial pattern changes caused by human activities on urban ecological water system is studied and analyzed quantitatively.The study found that the ancients adapted to the water environment from different scales of building shape,courtyard design,settlement location and city location,and accumulated a lot of experience in coping with rainwater.At the same time,the changes of urban land cover types caused by human activities have a great impact on urban water system,such as urban waterlogging,the decline of groundwater level and the decrease of surface water self-supply,such as the decrease of groundwater level from 1994 to 2016 by 14.24 m,the decrease of surface water self-supply from 30.54% in 2001 to 5.36% in 2016,and the urban runoff in the suburbs from 1993 to 2007.The increase was 4.21%.Through multiple regression analysis,compared with the impact of urban rainfall,the expansion of urban built-up areas and the exploitation of groundwater have more significant impact on urban groundwater level.Through the analysis of spatial syntax,the spatial integration degree of the whole street water system network has been improved during the evolution of the spatial pattern of the street water system network,but the degree of traveling and accessibility is not proportional to the degree of spatial integration.The correlation between accessibility and spatial integration degree has been reduced,from 54.03 to 46.096.The reason is that too much attention is paid to traffic space.At the same time,with the expansion of the city,the influence of the central axis on the spatial constraints in the north-south direction is relatively weakened,and the accessibility and agglomeration of the water system space are strengthened in the East-West direction.In the process of urban development,political factors have a greater impact on the spatial shaping behavior of urban water system.With the disintegration of feudal rule,the space of wide roads dominated by driving space has become a new factor restricting the experience of urban water system.