Comparison And Analysis Of Methods And Indicators In Subgrade Design Specification Between China And Russia

Russian-Chinese relations are the best in the history of ties between the two countries.At the present stage,the Russian-Chinese relationship is characterized by a wide range of areas of cooperation,including intensive contacts at the highest level,trade,economic and humanitarian ties,cooperation in the international arena,including in the UN Security Council,joint participation in international and regional organizations,such as SCO,APEC and BRICS.In 2015,China and Russia coordinated the initiative to build the economic belt of the Silk Road and the 21 st century Silk Road with the EAEC.This concept offers great opportunities in the field of infrastructure construction,which include the creation of roads and railways,the laying of oil pipelines and power lines,the construction of bridges and ports.The construction and design of roads is carried out on the basis of road standards.Russian and Chinese standards have their own characteristics.But with joint construction and design it is necessary to choose which normative document of which country to use.To accomplish this task,it is first and foremost necessary to compare and analyze the design methods and key indicators of the road standards of both countries,JV 34.13330.2012 in Russia and《Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades》 JTG D30-2015 in China This paper consists of five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction.The second chapter is the general subgrade.The second chapter includes the comparison and analysis of the characteristics of subgrade climate,highway grade,strength of subgrade,subgrade filling,cross section characteristics of subgrade,stability coefficient of subgrade slope and main characteristics of subgrade.According to the comparison and analysis of the indicators of the general subgrade,it can be concluded that there are many different road design standards in China and in Russia,and there are also some similar indicators.The most important difference is the nature of the subgrade climate because the characteristics of the subgrade climate influence the design of the subgrade in the future.Another different indicator is the CBR test.In China,in order to determine the degree of compaction of subgrade soil,the modulus of subgrade resilience,and the CBR value of the subgrade filling are used.The third chapter is the subgrade protection and support.This chapter compares and analyzes subgrade protection and support.The requirements for slope protection in China and in Russia are similar.The difference lies in determining the relationship between slope and the soil in the subgrade.In this chapter,the setting of the retaining wall and its use are also considered.There are many types of retaining walls in China,but basically two types are used in Russia.The type of retaining wall in China is selected according to many factors.At the same time,the main factor in the type of retaining wall in Russia is the type of soil.The fourth chapteris the subgrade drainage.The fifth chapter is the special subgrade.In this chapter,we compare and analyze special subgrades.Comparing and analyzing the subgrade design in the permafrost region,the subgrade design in the soft soil area and the subgrade design in the saline soil area have identified similar and different factors.