Preparation And Performance Study Of Biomass 3D Carbon Based For Lithium-ion/Sodium-ion Battery Anode Materials

Sodium ion batteries?SIBs?are currently being considered a promising alternative to lithium ion batteries?LIBs?for a broad range of energy storage.Carbon based/Carbon materials are one of the key materials.Some of the biomass materials,like living wasted pollen and cotton,are abundant sources,low cost,environmental friendly and can be circularly made for carbon materials.A vast number of functional materials have been investigated as the anode materials for LIBs and SIBs.In this reseach,highly porous carbon with large surface areas is prepared using pollen which treated by KOH and cotton which treated by Mg?NO₃?₂ as carbon sources.The optimum mass ratio of KOH and pollen is 2:3.The electrochemical testing shows that the reversible capacity of 375 mAh g^-11 after 300 cycles at 2.0 A g^-1 and rate performance of 500,350,293,250,205 mAh g^-11 at 0.1,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0 A g^-1 of LIBs.For SIBs,the electrode deliver reversible capacity of 270 mAh g^-11 after 200 cycles at 2.0 A g^-1 and rate performance of 270,260,245,230,215,197 mAh g^-11 at 0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0 A g^-1.Because of the superior electrochemical performance of 3D cotton carbon,the sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon was obtained by heat treatment in presence of thiourea.The as-prepared S,N co-doped carbon can deliver a high reversible capacity of 1101.1 mA h g^-1 after150 cycles at 0.2 A g^-1,and a high capacity of 531.2 mA h g^-1 can be observed even after 5000cycles at 10.0 A g^-1 of LIBs.Moreover,as for rate performance deliver reversible capacities of1443,1035,954,884,802 and 689 mAh g^-1 at 0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 5.0 A g^-1.For SIBs,the as-prepared S,N co-doped carbon can deliver a high reversible capacity of 410 mAh g^-1 after200 cycles at 1.0 A g^-1,and a capacity of 351.1 mA h g^-1 can be observed even after 600 cycles at 2.0 A g^-1.Moreover,as for rate performance,it deliver reversible capacities of 505,430,400,360,320 and 219 mAh g^-1 at 0.1,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0 and 10.0 A g^-1This superior lithium storage and sodium storage performance of pollen and cotton carbon make it as a promising low-cost and sustainable anode for high performance lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries.