Studies On Global Water Governance Under The United Nation’s Framework—(MDGs-SDGs)

As an irreplaceable natural resource,water plays an important role in economic development,social improvement and political ecology.Since population growth and environmental pollution become more and more serious,water resource also brings more complicated problems,related to the climate crisis,refugee crisis,food crisis and even trigger international conflicts.The United Nations Stockholm Conference in1972 promoted the process of global environmental governance,subsequent Dublin meeting in 1992 and Rio de Janeiro meeting changed the state-led water governance policy markedly and then water governance has risen to the global level,become the important component of global governance.Till now from the found of the United Nations,relevant water governance agencies,program documents,international agendas,partners,UN-water mechanisms,etc.,constitute the UN Water Governance Framework,working on global water governance around the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).In the MDGs,as a dependency of environmental governance,water goal requires halving the proportion of people who cannot continuously obtain safe drinking water by 2015.With the expiration of goals and the increasing emphasis on water governance,the new 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda has incorporated water governance into the independent No.6 Goal,which has increased the universality of access to safe drinking water and paid more attention to health facilities,water pollution,water quality and other issues.The Sustainable Development Agenda has continued the reducing poverty purpose of the MDGs and promotes the coordinated development of economic,social and environmental on this basis.There is more than a decade to go until 2030,to analyze the progress of the MDGs,and to make a vision of the SDGs,this paper takes ten countries in sub-saharan Africa and China as the cases,by setting up indices such as drinking water,sanitation,fund use to explore water governance progress in some countries under the UNagenda,the analysis concludes that developing countries like China,which has good economic conditions,water governance is dominated by the government,making good progress.Governments in poor countries such as Africa have little government support with slow progress,they need UN aid and guidance,but they are working with water governance to improve the situation actively.The role of the United Nations in global water governance and the challenges it faces are also the core issues discussed in this paper.To sum up,as an effective international system and platform,the United Nations promote global water governance through initiatives and advocacy,launching water events;formulating international norms and supervising normative fulfillment to make governance more orderly;organizing sovereign nations,international organizations,non-governmental organizations and transnational corporations to conduct global water governance specifically,fully mobilize the enthusiasm and participation of different actors.Various actors have also learned lessons from the governance,taking SDGs as their governance road map,then improve water governance in relevant countries or regions.However,the complexity of water resources and the different capacity preferences of sovereign countries and the development issues of the United Nations have all made it more difficult for global water governance.The water governance under the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda can be described as opportunities and challenges coexist.However,the international community should see that the UN water governance framework needs to be improved and cooperate actively to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of global water governance.