Study On The Cultural Landscape Of Hani Terrace Based On Landscape Pattern Analysis

Hani terrace cultural landscape is the result of the comprehensive utilization of the high mountains and valleys in the southern bank of the Red River,in order to meet the needs of Hani people’s own survival,which has been existed for more than 1300 years.It is a real model of harmony between man and nature.Honghe Hani Terrace succeeded in applying for the World Culture Heritage in 2013,it’s the first time that World Heritage named after our nation with the great feature of regionalism and nationality.However,with the impact of outside world,the internal balance of the Hani terraced cultural landscape was broken,there appears quantities of problems,such as,contradiction between man and land,over development,the loss of traditional crops of rice.These are threatening the sustainability and stability of the Hani terraced culturallandscape.In this papeer,the study on the landscape of Hani terraces based on landscape pattern analysis was carried out in Jiayin Town,Honghe County.First,the landscape pattern of Jiayin Town was obtained by using GIS technology,and the landscape patternwas analyzed from three aspects:landscape composition,landscape pattern index and spatial distribution.Based on the characteristics of landscape pattern of Jiayin Town,combined with literature analysis and field investigation according to the dual attributes of cultural landscape,qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,this paper analyzes the ecology,production and life of Hani terraced cultural landscape from two aspects of natural characteristics and humanistic characteristics.Finally,aiming at the dilemma of Hani terraced cultural landscape,this paper puts forward the sustainable development strategy of the Hani terraced cultural landscape from the three angles of ecology,production and life.The main results of this paper are as follows:(1)The landscape pattern of the town of Jiayin has a prominent plateau mountain feature,which is influenced by the elevation change,and it’s obvious in the vertical direction and horizontal direction,the landscape type is diverse,the degree of landscape fragmentation is high,the landscape connectivity is general and exists advantage of landscape type.(2)The landscape area of forest land is the largest,the horizontal direction runs through the north and south of Jiayin Town,and the vertical direction is mainly distributed in the upper half,forming ecological corridor;farmland landscape area is more than 1/3 of Jiayin town,horizontal distribution in the direction of the town of Jiayin on both sides of the east and west,concentrated in the vertical direction of lower half of the mountain;forest landscape and farmland plots larger scale,patch connectivity is high,the spatial distribution of relative aggregation,belonging to the dominant landscape type,The impact of other types of landscape larger.The landscape area of the construction land is small,and the horizontal direction is distributed from the northeast to the southwest.The vertical distribution is in the middle.The average patch area is the smallest,the patch fragmentation is high,the whole distribution is scattered and the focal polymerization is formed.The landscape area of water body is the smallest,and the horizontal direction is dendritic on both sides of the east and west.The vertical direction is concentrated in the valley,the number of patches is the lowest and the degree of aggregation is low.(3)Forest and water system as ecological elements,terraces and villages,respectively,as the production elements and elements of life,common constitute the Hani terraced cultural landscape.Forest and water system vertical space layout in the Hani terraced cultural landscape formed a sustainable water cycle for the village life and production of terraced fields to provide water;the Hani nationality have a strong natural worship on the forest and drainage,active protecting in the upper half of the water source forest,at the same time,they form a unique system in the water resources allocation management,strengthen the ecological functions of forests and water systems.The terraced fields are distributed in the lower half of the mountain and are traversed from top to bottom water and soil nutrients to produce material energy for the Hani people.The Hani people formed the Hani farming culture in the process of rice field production and strengthened the terraced field production function.The village along the ridge concentrated in the mountains,that is the formation of safe and convenient living space;Hani people according to the needs of life to form the principle of the layout of the village site and the "mushroom room" as the representative of the traditional Hani dwellings,at the same time to ease the population pressure to establish the system,improving the village’s life function.(4)From the ecological perspective,to the construction of ecological civilization-oriented,based on the three-dimensional landscape pattern to carry out eco-tourism,strengthen the protection of key ecological patches;establish the eco-tourism public participation model to promote the overall economic development,enhance the Hani People’s sense of responsibility;take a good management in ecological protection,tourism development and precision poverty.From the production mode,try to improve the income level of terraced rice production,so that the production of terraced rice farming way are able to continue;without affecting the normal agricultural production under the premise of actively exploring the traditional agriculture and eco-tourism model,do our best to maximize economic efficiency;control population growth,relieving the pressure of terraced rice production.From the Life perspective,to strengthen the village style regulation,improve the village living environment,enhance the quality of life of the Hani people;take tourism development as an opportunity to transform the Hani dwellings to pro vide tourism services to achieve precision poverty alleviation;break the traditional small farmers economic thinking,inject some new life into the vitality by commercial competition and create the Hani characteristics of the village which can keep pace with the times.