Ecological Benefit Evaluation Of Oasis Urbanization In Manas River Basin

The growth of GDP and population is the main factor for urban expansion.With the prosperity and development of economic globalization,the process of urbanization is accelerating,but increasingly prominent pollution events such as air pollution,water pollution,and land pollution have become major problems facing urban development..Modern human society is in the era of rapid development of science and technology.The material foundation has basically met human needs,but the environmental degradation has made people face a crisis of survival.Therefore,urban ecological research is imperative.Since the 19 th National Congress,ecological construction has become a national development.strategy.The ecological vulnerability of the oasis in the arid area determines the importance of its ecological protection.Human activities have changed the natural landscape of the oasis to a certain extent,which has led to increasing environmental problems such as land salinization,land desertification,haze weather,and groundwater pollution.Therefore,how to coordinate urban development and ecological environment protection is very important.In this study,the oasis cities in the Manas River Basin(hereinafter referred to as the Mar River Basin)in Xinjiang were selected as the research target areas.The relationship between the development of oasis urbanization and ecology in the arid areas was analyzed from three aspects: urban development,ecological service value,and ecological risk In order to provide references for urban construction and ecological protection in the river basin.Based on the research content,a comprehensive evaluation system for urban development,an ecological service value evaluation system,and a landscape ecological risk evaluation system were established in the Mahe River Basin.The evaluation process was used to evaluate the urban development process and ecological status of the river basin.In addition,an ecological benefit evaluation system for the urbanization of the Mahe River Basin has been constructed to evaluate the ecological benefit characteristics of urbanization in the river basin.The research results can provide references for urban construction and ecological protection in the Mahe River Basin,and the research has guiding significance for the sustainable development of oasis city construction.The results show:(1)The urbanization of the Mahe River Basin has shown a slow growth trend,and the main driving force for the development of river basin cities is economic growth.From the perspective of time,during the study period,the comprehensive urban development in the Mahe River Basin showed a rapid growth trend in the early and late periods;the development of the internal system of the city also showed a rapid growth trend in the early and late periods.From a spatial perspective,Shihezi City has gradually become the core of urban growth poles in the Mahe River Basin,forming a prototype of an urban circle centered on Shihezi City.From the perspective of driving forces,the city's economic growth is the main driving force for urbanization in the river basin,and the city's economic construction has received much attention.(2)The land use change of river basin counties and cities has changed from simple conversion to complex conversion.During the study period,the expansion of construction land in Shihezi City was relatively severe,and the expansion was mainly in the vicinity of the original construction land;the land use change in Manas County mainly occurred in the north central part of the administrative area;Occurred in the north central region and the southern mountainous regions.(3)The ecological service value of the river basin counties and cities has decreased overall,and there are differences in their spatial distribution.During the study period,the total value of ecological services in the Mahe River Basin showed a decreasing characteristic;the adjustment services and support services accounted for a higher proportion of the ecological service values;the ecological service values in the river basin were calculated according to the types of land use.Ecological service value.It is found that different land types in different counties and cities in the river basin have different contribution rates to ecological service value.By showing the distribution of the total ecological service value of each city in the river basin,it is found that Manas County and Shawan have larger administrative areas.The county's spatial distribution of ecological service values is similar.(4)The ecological risk changes in counties and cities in the river basin are relatively complicated,and the change law between risks is different.During the study period,the ecological risk of Shihezi City showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and it showed a transition from low risk to lower risk,the area of the middle risk area gradually decreased,and the area of the high risk area showed a trend of first decrease and then increase..During the study period,the ecological risk of Manas County showed a trend of decreasing fluctuations and an increase in the area of lower risk areas;the spatial distribution of intermediate risk areas was complicated;the high risk areas were mainly distributed in the north-central area of the county.And gradually expanded.The ecological risk of Shawan County showed a slowly increasing trend during the study period,and the spatial distribution of ecological risk showed that the low-risk areas changed to medium-risk areas during 2000-2005;all levels during 2005-2015 The ecological risks are transformed into each other,which is mainly manifested by the increase in the area of low-risk areas and the decrease in the area of lower-risk areas;the landscape ecological risk changes in Shawan County during 2015-2018 are more complicated.(5)Comprehensive evaluation of ecological benefits of oasis urbanization in the basin: During the study period,the degree of coordination between the comprehensive urban development,ecological service value,and ecological risks in Shihezi City was low,and it was in a period of antagonism,indicating that the ecological benefits of Shihezi City were low.The coordinated development of the three systems in Manas County is in a general coupling period,indicating that the ecological benefits of Manas County are high.The coupling and coordination among the three systems in Shawan County belong to a highly coupled period,indicating that Shawan County is the city with the best ecological benefits in the Mahe River Basin.With the help of urban development evaluation and ecological status evaluation,this paper studies the influence of urban development in the Mahe River Basin on the ecology of counties and cities in the river basin.The research results can provide references for urban construction and ecological protection in the river basin.The research has important practical significance for the sustainable development of oasis cities.