Effects Of Exposure To Magnetic Radiation From Mobile Phone During Pregnancy On Cerebellum Of Male Offsprings In Rats And Its Mechanism

ObjectiveSimulated mobile phone radiation exposure in SD rats during pregnancy,the aim was to investigate the effects of cerebellar cortex of offspring rats after low-dose radiation(8 hours)and high-dose radiation(24 hours),including cell morpholog and apoptotic index under light microscopicy,ultramicro structure under electron microscope,oxidative stress index(MDA)and expression of apoptosis-related proteins(Cyto C,Caspase-3).This study provided basic experimental evidence for mobile phone radiation during pregnancy.Methods1.Established mobile phone radiation exposure model during pregnancy: 24 female rats of 8 weeks old and 24 males rats of 8 weeks old.After one week of adaptation to the environment,they were mated with male and female 1:1.We have vaginal smear at 8:00.If sperm is observed in the smear specimen,it is recorded as 0 days of pregnancy.After pregnancy,the pregnant rats were randomly divided into experimental group including low-dose group(8 hours,21d),high-dose group(24 hours,21d),control group(no mobile phone radiation).It is 8 pregnant mice per group.The offspring rats of each group were fed to 21 days old after delivery.Progeny male rats were divided into low-dose group,high-dose group,and control group.Cerebellum tissue was taked at 4th,8th,and 12 th weekends.2.HE staining technique was used to observe cell morphology of cerebellar cortical under light microscope in low-dose group,high-dose group and control group.3.TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis index of cerebellum cells in low-dose group,high-dose group and control group.4.The ultrastructure of cerebellar cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy in low-dose group,high-dose group and control group.5.The expression of malondialdehyde(MDA)was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in the low-dose group,high-dose group and control group.6.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Cyto C and Caspase-3 in cerebellar cells in the low-dose group,high-dose group and control group.7.Western blot(Western Blot)was used to detect the expression of Cyto C and Caspase-3 in cerebellar cells in the low-dose group,high-dose group and control group.Results1.HE staining technique was used to observe the thinning of the purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex of the 4th,8th and 12 th weekends in low-dose groups and the high-dose group.The purkinje cells under light microscope showed contraction of neuron,deep staining of neuroncytoplasm.Purkinje cell morphology in the cerebellar cortex under light microscope showed no obvious pathological changes.2.The TUNEL method detected the apoptotic positive nuclei of the 4th,8th and 12 th weekends in low-dose groups,high-dose group and control group.The apoptotic index of the low-dose group and high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).And the expression of the high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the low-dose group(P<0.01).3.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the swelling of the perinuclear space of cerebellar cortical cells and perivascular edema in the high-dose group at the 4th,8th,12 th weekends.In the high-dose group at 12 th weekends,transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the swelling of the perinuclear space of the cerebellar cortex cells,perivascular edema,and mitochondrial swelling,sputum disappeared.There was no obvious pathological change the ultrastructure of cortical cells in the low-dose group and control group,such as edema,mitochondria and perivascularin.4.The expression of cerebrospinal malondialdehyde(MDA)in the low-dose group and the high-dose group at the 4th,8th and 12 th weekends was significantly higher than that of the control group by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)(P<0.01).And the expression of the high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the low-dose group(P<0.01).5.Cyto C and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical positive products were present in the cytoplasm of cerebellar cells in the low-dose group,high-dose group and control group at the 4th,8th and 12 th weekends.The average optical density of Cyto C and Caspase-3 in the low-dose group and high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).And the average optical density of the high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the low-dose group(P<0.01).6.Western blot analysis showed that the expression of Cyto C and Caspase-3 were present in the cytoplasm of cerebellar cells in the low-dose group,high-dose group and control group at the 4th,8th and 12 th weekends.The expression of Cyto C and Caspase-3 in the low-dose group and high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).And the expression in the high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the low-dose group(P<0.01).ConclusionIn the intervention dose and time course set in this experiment,during pregnancy,the rat were exposed to low-dose and high-dose mobile phone radiation.Purkinje cells of offsprings in the cerebellar cortex was arranged sparsely,the cells contracted,and the cytoplasm was deeply stained at the 4th,8th,12 th weekends.During the pregnancy,it was exposed to high-dose mobile phone radiation,and the ultrastructure of the cerebellar cortex of the offspring male rats changed significantly at the 4th,8th,12 th weekends.Exposure to low-dose and high-dose mobile phone radiation during pregnancy,the cerebellar cortex apoptosis index increased,MDA expression increased,Cyto C,Caspase-3 expression increased,and this change was more obvious under high dose intervention at the 4th,8th,12 th weekends.