Study On The Occurrence And Risk Assessment Of Perfluoroalkyl Acids In Surface Water,Sediment And Soil Of Major Rivers In Southeast China

Perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)are a group of chemicals that are known to be artificially synthesized.They are widely produced in various industries and used in industrial manufacturing.PFAAs are almost everywhere in the environment.Obviously PFAAs are a class of global pollutants with persistent,bio-enriched and toxic effects.Fujian province and zhejiang province are important industrial production centers in southeast China.There are fluorine chemical production bases(such as the Juhua Group),textile printing and dyeing,tanning,papermaking,semiconductors,shipbuilding,oil refineries,water-soluble fire-fighting equipment.These industries are potential industrial sources of PFAAs.Rivers,sediments,and soils are important environmental receptors for PFAAs,and are closely related to the health of residents’ drinking and eating diets.Because PFAAs contaminate potential ecological and health risks.However,there are few reports on the occurrence of PFAAs in the water bodies,sediments and surrounding soils of the major rivers along the southeast coast.This paper selects 13 major rivers in southeast China to study the occurrence levels,composition and spatial distribution characteristics of 17 common PFAAs in surface water,sediment and soil,explores the environmental distribution behavior and pollution sources of PFAAs,and estimates the mass flux of PFAAs transported to the ocean through rivers.And evaluated the ecological risks and drinking water health risks of typical PFAAs in surface water,and finally summarized the regulatory decisions made by countries in each country to protect the ecological environment and the health of residents.The results show that river water is the main receptor environment for PFAAs.The ∑PFAAs concentration ranges from 0.90 to 231.52 ng/L(mean 46.82 ng/L).The highest detection concentrations of ∑PFAAs in sediment and soil are 1.80 ng/g and 33.28 ng/g.The most serious pollution in Fujian Province is the Minjiang River Basin with the main pollutants are PFBA and PFOA;and the more serious pollution in Zhejiang Province is the Shao River,Qiantang River,Yong River and Minjiang River Basin.which with the main pollutants are PFOA,PFOS and PFHxS.The main pollution of PFAAs comes from the emissions of PFAAs production enterprises and related manufacturing production emissions.It may through direct discharge into the river water or dry and wet deposition into the water body and soil.But PFAAs can be adsorbed by the sediment in the water phase.The study found that the environmental distribution behavior of typical PFAAs is that the water phase and sediment partition coefficient lgKoc has a linear relationship with the carbon chain length.The mass flux of PFAAs transported to the ocean by major rivers in southeast China is ∑PFAAs 7095 kg/y,PFOA 3711 kg/y and PFBA 1317 kg/y.Spearman analysis found that the accumulation of PFAAs is positively related to per capita GDP and disposable income of urban and rural residents,reflecting that occurrence level of PFAAs are closely related to the degree of industrialization or economic development.Based on the quotient value method,the ecological risk and drinking water intake risk of PFAAs with higher levels in surface water of major rivers in southeast China were evaluated.The research results show that the risk entropy of PFOA in parts of Shao River,Qiantang River,Yong River and Min River is greater than 1,and the risk entropy of PFOS in some rivers of Yong River and Ling River is greater than 1 which indicates potential aquatic ecological risks;in addition to the existence of PFOA in Qiantang River,drinking water Ingestion health risks and the remaining rivers are free of drinking water intake health risks.Regional countries have played a huge role in reducing PFAAs,protecting the ecological environment and human health by establishing environmental conventions,setting aquatic life,wildlife safety thresholds,and drinking water health thresholds.This paper clarifies the occurrence levels of PFAAs in the surface water,sediments,and soil of major rivers in southeast China,potential sources of pollution,and river mass flow into the sea,evaluates the risks of PFAAs,and identifies potential aquatic ecological risks of PFOA and PFOS in the surface water of some river sections and the health risks of drinking water intake from PFOA.So this paper can help local residents understand the environmental behavior and potential risks of PFAAs,and provide reference data for risk regulation.