Occurrence And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Typical Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products In Yellow River

Pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)are new environmental pollutants,which may threaten the ecological environment and human health.The Yellow River is the mother river in China,which plays an important role in economic development and ecological protection.PPCPs have entered the Yellow River basin by industrial activities and human life.At present,there is no systematic research on the whole Yellow River basin.It is necessary to carry out PPCPs investigation and research for ecological protection and environmental management.In this study,we investigated the pollution characteristics and ecological risks of 15 PPCPs in water and sediment in spring and autumn.The results showed that the Yellow River was in the middle level compared with other basins.15 PPCPs were detected in water,caffeine and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate were the main pollutant,with an average concentration of 171.02 ng/L and 174.82 ng/L,respectively.Except ultraviolet absorbent,the concentrations of most PPCPs in spring were higher than that in autumn.In water,the concentrations of most PPCPs in middle or lower reaches is higher than that in the upper reaches,the tributaries is higher than that in the main stream.In sediment,14 PPCPs were detected,of which propyl paraben was not detected.The main pollutant was linear alkylbenzene sulfonate,with an average concentration of 79.70 ng/g.The difference is not obvious between upper and lower reaches,the tributary was still higher than that in the main stream.The simulation results of water-sediment partition coefficient show that the partition between media was related to the physical and chemical properties such as octanol water partition coefficient and solubility,and the properties of media are also important.The correlation of PPCPs with the same category or mutual solubility was higher,indicating that the environmental behavior of PPCPs with similar sources or properties was similar.Domestic sewage is the main source of PPCPs in river water,treated domestic sewage(47.78%),untreated domestic sewage(19.68%)and other sewage(20.44%),while treated domestic sewage(63.16%)and other sewage(20.46%)in sediment.The ecological risk study showed that caffeine,triclosan,trilocarban,galaxolide,octocrylene,2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate had high risk entropy and higher mixing risk entropy,the result in sediment is similar to that in river water.The priority control index calculated based on the risk entropy and detection rate indicates that the detection and control of caffeine,triclosan,trilocarban,galaxolide should be focused on.