Pollution Status Of Cd,Hg And As In Marine Products Sold In Qingdao And Residents' Exposure Risk Assessment

Objectives:Fish,shellfish,crustaceans and other marine products have a wide variety,delicious taste and rich nutrition,and are loved by the people.However,due to the pollution of the environment and water bodies,the safety of seafood is also gaining more and more attention.This study collected the common seafood products sold in Qingdao City,measured the content of cadmium,mercury,arsenic,inorganic arsenic,and investigated the seafood intake of the population in Qingdao City to understand the pollution status of Qingdao seafood products and analyzed The content of cadmium,mercury and arsenic in seafood sold in Qingdao and the food consumption of residents,calculate the dietary exposure level of residents and conduct a preliminary risk assessment.Provide data support for food safety supervision and provide reference basis for residents'dietary health.Methods:1.Sample collection and testing1.1 Sample collection:According to the work requirements of national food safety risk monitoring,the stratified random sampling method was adopted in March 2018 to March2019 in the Shinan,Shibei,Laoshan,Huangdao,Chengyang of Qingdao City.Collect samples of common seafood in large-scale comprehensive supermarkets and farmers'markets.Including 101 shellfish,63 crustaceans,51 fish,a total of 215 samples.The collected samples are cleaned to obtain their edible parts,homogenized,and then coded and stored for later use.2.Sample detection method1.2 Sample testing method:Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to detect the content of cadmium;atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS)was used to determine mercury content,hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry(HGAFS)was used to determine the total arsenic content,and high performance liquid phase atomic fluorescence spectrometry(HPLC-AFS)Determination of inorganic arsenic content.2.Dietary consumption survey:According to the requirements of the"Manual for Monitoring the Nutrition and Health Status of Chinese Residents",a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to randomly select 4 districts and municipalities in Qingdao City.A total of 30 households were randomly selected from the neighborhood committee(village),and a total of 2007(residents 6 years and older)were surveyed by the24-hour dietary review method to collect residents'seafood intake for 3 consecutive days.3.Statistical analysis:Use Microsoft Excel 2013 for data entry,SPSS19.0 software for statistical analysis of data.According to the principle of credible evaluation of low-level pollutants in food proposed by the World Health Organization,the undetected data are given1/2 detection limit for statistical calculation.The analysis of variance and chi-square test were used to compare the multiple groups.The significance level was?=0.05,and the two-sided test P<0.05 was statistically significant.4.Risk analysis methods:The risk analysis of cadmium and mercury is based on the tolerable intake of heavy metals published by JECFA,and is compared with the intake of heavy metals in residents.Cadmium uses y=EMI/PTMI,mercury uses y=EWI/PTWI for comparison;inorganic arsenic uses the USEPA's dietary exposure assessment method recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)to use target organ hazard coefficient(THQ)to quantitatively assess the exposure risk of inorganic arsenic.The single-factor pollution index and the Nemerow pollution index method were used to assess the pollution status of seafood heavy metals.Results:1.Evaluation of analysis and detection methods:Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to detect the cadmium content.The detection limit of cadmium was0.28?g/L,the correlation coefficient was 0.9970,the precision was 2.57%?4.04%,the recovery rate was 93.8%?107.0%;atomic fluorescence spectrometry For the determination of mercury content,the detection limit of mercury is 0.19?g/L,the correlation coefficient is 0.9995,the precision is 2.94%to 4.22%,the recovery rate is 89.3%to 102%,and the determination of total arsenic by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry The detection limit of total arsenic is 0.21?g/L,the correlation coefficient is0.9993,the precision is 2.39%to 4.52%,the recovery rate is 96.8%to 103.6%;the content of inorganic arsenic is determined by high performance liquid phase atomic fluorescence spectrometry,The detection limit of trivalent arsenic is 0.05?g/L,the correlation coefficient is 0.9990,the precision is 2.17%?4.32%,the recovery rate is 97.8%?102.7%;the detection limit of pentavalent arsenic is 0.08?g/L,The correlation coefficient is 0.9998,the precision is 2.58%to 4.13%,and the recovery rate is 96.8%to 101.6%.2.The content range of cadmium,mercury,total arsenic,inorganic arsenic in fish,shellfish and crustacean seafood sold in Qingdao:Among 51 fish and seafood products,the cadmium content varies from ND to 0.891 mg/kg,the mercury content varies from ND to0.120 mg/kg,and the total arsenic content varies from ND to 5.380 mg/kg,The variation range of inorganic arsenic content is ND?0.192mg/kg.In 101 shellfish seafood products,the cadmium content varies from ND to 4.090 mg/kg,the mercury content varies from ND to 0.421 mg/kg,and the total arsenic content varies from ND to 6.490 mg/kg,The variation range of inorganic arsenic content is ND?0.630mg/kg.Among 63 crustacean seafood,the cadmium content ranged from ND to 13.450 mg/kg,the mercury content ranged from ND to 0.106 mg/kg,and the total arsenic content ranged from ND to 15.100 mg/kg,The variation range of inorganic arsenic content is ND?0.510mg/kg.3.Excessive rate of cadmium,mercury,total arsenic,inorganic arsenic in fish,shellfish and crustacean seafood sold in Qingdao.Among the 217 seafood samples sold in Qingdao,crustaceans had the highest cadmium excess rate(65.5%),followed by fish and shellfish cadmium excess rates,which were 24.3%and 23.1%respectively;shellfish and crustaceans had inorganic standards The rate of arsenic exceeding the standard is 2.0%and 1.6%respectively,and the content of inorganic arsenic in fish has not been exceeded.The mercury content in the three types of seafood has not been exceeded.4.Comparison of cadmium,mercury,total arsenic,inorganic arsenic content and excess rate in different types of seafood:Variance analysis of cadmium,mercury and inorganic arsenic content in three types of seafood showed that(cadmium:F=33.972,P<0.05,mercury:F=16.539,P<0.05,inorganic arsenic:F=22.091,P<0.05)Differences,and have relevance to the category.The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences between the averages of the groups.The results showed that there were differences in the content of cadmium and inorganic arsenic in the three types of seafood,and there was a correlation between the categories(cadmium:?~2=13.727,P<0.01,Inorganic arsenic:?~2=11.177,P<0.01).The levels of mercury and total arsenic in the three types of seafood were not statistically different;chi-square analysis showed that the excess rate of cadmium in the three types of seafood showed that?~2=18.002,P<0.01,suggesting that the cadmium contamination in seafood and sea food Product category.5.Single factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index of cadmium,mercury,arsenic and inorganic arsenic in seafood sold in Qingdao:Through the analysis of the single-factor pollution index of cadmium,mercury and inorganic arsenic in seafood sold in Qingdao,the pollution index of cadmium is:crustacean(5,134)>fish(0.918)>shellfish(0.319),Among them,crustaceans were heavily polluted by cadmium,fishes were moderately polluted by cadmium,and shellfish were slightly polluted by cadmium;the pollution index of mercury was:shellfish(0.058)>crustaceans(0.034)>Fish(0.030),three types of seafood are not contaminated with mercury,and are at a clean level;the pollution index of inorganic arsenic is:shellfish(0.321)>crustaceans(0.156)>fish(0.066),of which shellfish is Light pollution level of inorganic arsenic.The calculation and analysis of the Nemerow pollution index(P comprehensive)of cadmium,mercury,arsenic,and inorganic arsenic in the seafood sold in Qingdao showed that the pollution index of cadmium is:crustacean(9.945)>shellfish(2.986))>Fish(0.896),where crustaceans are heavily polluted by cadmium and shellfish are slightly polluted by cadmium,while cadmium in fish is within the warning line and is still clean;the pollution index of mercury is in order:Shellfish(0.258)>Fish(0.086)>Crustaceans(0.076),all three types of seafood are not contaminated with mercury and are at a clean level;the pollution index of inorganic arsenic is:Shellfish(0.460)>Crustaceans(0.365))>Fish(0.138),all at a clean level.6.Resident health impact analysis and evaluation of cadmium,mercury,total arsenic,inorganic arsenic in fish,shellfish and crustacean seafood sold in Qingdao:The cadmium exposure evaluation results show that the average daily exposure of cadmium to seafood in the entire population is 1.16?g/kg BW.The y value of all age groups is greater than 1;mercury exposure assessment results show that the average daily exposure to mercury in seafood for the entire population is 0.04?g/kgBW.The risk analysis shows that the y value is less than 1,and the pollutant is acceptable for food health risks;the exposure evaluation results of inorganic arsenic show that the average daily exposure of inorganic arsenic of seafood in the whole population is 0.18?g/kg BW,and the risk analysis shows THQ values are all greater than 1.Conclusion:1.This study uses the national standard detection method to measure the content of cadmium,mercury and arsenic in seafood.The method is easy to operate,and the accuracy and precision can meet the detection needs.2.It was found through testing that cadmium contamination of crustaceans was the most serious among the common seafood products sold in Qingdao,followed by fish and shellfish;the inorganic arsenic content in shellfish also slightly exceeded the standard;the detection of mercury in all three types of seafood was Qualified;there are differences in the content of cadmium and inorganic arsenic in fish,shellfish and crustacean seafood,and the pollution status of seafood depends on the type.3.The preliminary survey results of this study indicate that the health risk of residents of Qingdao seafood cadmium is relatively serious and needs attention;although the health risk of residents of inorganic arsenic is within the acceptable range,there is still a phenomenon of exceeding the standard and more attention is still needed.