Extraction And Separation Of Gleditsia Saponins And Its Application In Shampoo

Triterpene saponins,which have amphiphilic structure,are abundant in Gleditsia sinensis Lam.and friendly to the human and environment.They widely used in many fields and the main research contents of this paper are as follows:(1)The saponins were extracted by ultrasonic assisted method.First,the effects of particle size,liquid to solid ratio,ultrasonic time,ethanol volume fraction and temperature on the extraction rate were investigated and the response surface method was used to optimize the crude extraction of saponins.Four-factor and three-level experiments were designed.Based on the analysis of variance of the model and the best extraction parameters were obtained as follows: the liquid to solid ratio,ultrasonic time,ethanol volume fraction and temperature were 9 m L/g,65 min,77% and 63 °C,respectively.Among them,the liquid to solid ratio and temperature had a greater effect on the extraction rate of saponins,while the ultrasonic time and ethanol volume fraction had a smaller effect.(2)The crude extract of saponins was purified and separated by macroporous resin.The adsorption performance of saponins was studied by static adsorption test,and the results showed that the D101 macroporous resin has a good adsorption effect on saponins.The isothermal adsorption at different temperatures could be well fitted by the Freundlich equation and the lower temperature was favorable for adsorption;adsorption was a spontaneous(?G<0)and exothermic(?H<0)physical process;entropy change value(?S)was less than 0,indicating that adsorption was a process of entropy reduction;adsorption kinetics could be described by a pseudo second order kinetic equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.999,which could effectively reflect the adsorption process of saponins by D101 macroporous resin.The dynamic adsorption test investigated the effects of four factors,including loading concentration,maximum loading volume,eluent concentration and eluent dosage on the dynamic adsorption process.Finally,the optimal purification process conditions were 0.365 mg/m L,60 m L,80%,and 3 BV,respectively.(3)The obtained Gleditsia saponins were modified with acyl chloride.Acyl chloride reacted with the hydroxyl groups in saponins structure to form saponins fatty acid esters.An alkyl chain was introduced into the polar hydroxyl group of the oligosaccharide portion in the saponins,which increased the overall hydrophobicity.The effects of carbon chain length and saponins to acid chloride molar ratio on surface properties were explored,and structural characterization and performance analysis of new surfactants were performed.The results showed that the surface tension decreased after esterification,and the longer the carbon chain of acid chloride,the lower the surface tension.Among them,the lowest surface tension of saponin and myristoyl chloride after esterification with a molar ratio of 1: 4 was 29.22 m M/m.By comparing the surface properties of Gleditsia saponins(GS),Gleditsia saponins myristate ester(GS-My4)with commercial surfactants lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate(AES),cocamidopropyl betaine(CAB-35),the emulsifying ability and foam properties of GS were not different from those commercial surfactants,but the surface tension and wettability were poor.Although the emulsifying ability and foam properties of GS-My4 were decreased,the surface tension and wettability of saponins were greatly reduced.(4)The Gleditsia sinensis Lam.was applied to the shampoo formula,which measured the decontamination rate and foam height of different volume of main and auxiliary surfactants through orthogonal experiments and perform weight analysis to prepare a shampoo containing natural Gleditsia extract.The contents of AES,CAB-35,Gleditsia extract,and 6501 were 15%,4%,10%,and 4%,respectively,and supplemented with appropriate conditioning agents,humectants,thickeners,and preservatives.The natural green shampoo prepared by the formula had a pale brown appearance with a faint herb fragrance.It had no delamination at different temperatures and the property was stable.Compared with shampoo products on the market,the shampoo had better combability,gloss,moisturizing effect and hair comfort.The shampoo made from this formula had better performance,low cost and good market application prospect.