Comparative Study On The Restriction And Balance Of Corporate Responsibility Of Environmental Governance Between China And The United States

Environmental pollution is a heavy price paid by mankind for entering the industrial society and seeking rapid economic development.Since the country’s reform and opening-up,China has gradually become a world’s manufacturing power.Meanwhile,serious environmental pollution problem came about,which have negatively affected the quality of the ecological environment and the health of the people.The country is paying more and more attention to the governance of environmental pollution.For the first time,the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China included ecological civilization construction in the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics,together with economic construction,political construction,cultural construction,and social construction,which constitutes the overall "five in one" national development strategy.Environmental governance has become the top priority of the central government and local governments at all levels.Companies are the main source of environmental pollution,so they are supposed to be the main body of environmental governance.Only when companies consciously and effectively assume environmental governance responsibilities can the pollution be minimized and the efficiency of environmental governance be improved.As an economic organization,a company’s pollution and governance behaviors are inevitably related to profit.To enable companies to consciously fulfill their environmental governance responsibilities,effective external restriction and balance are needed.In addition to the constraints of mandatory legal system and government administrative regulation,economic incentive policies as well as public participation and supervision are also essential.The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to construct a modern environmental governance system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China where government is leader,company is main body,social organization and the public are participants.It pointed out a new direction for environmental governance in China.Environmental pollution and its governance are major problems that must be faced in the development process of every economy.Even a developing country like China that has developed later has not avoided the environmental protection model of Western countries that "Pollution before Governance".Therefore,based on the universality of environmental issues,western developed countries are the initiators of environmental pollution and the forerunners of environmental governance and protection.Their experience of environmental governance has reference value for later developing countries.On the basis of the perspective of environmental public governance,this dissertation summarizes basic characteristics of environmental governance issues,analyzes the practical difficulties of environmental governance of China,and reviews the history of environmental governance of the United States.From the three aspects of regulatory constraints,economic incentives,and public participation,the dissertation sorts out and comparatively analyzes the restriction and balance power and mechanisms of environmental governance of the two countries to explore the public governance system that effectively promote companies to assume environmental responsibility: Under the legalization of supervision,the transparency of information and the democratization of procedures,diverse subjects(government,market,non-governmental organizations and citizens)put pressure on companies or generate incentives to companies by using various means including regulatory constraints,economic incentives,and public participation,which makes companies perform environmental responsibilities consciously so as to eliminate pollutant emissions.