Study On Site Classification And Characteristics Of Coal Mining Bases In Lingwu Mining Area

Due to the various kinds of mining slashes formed by coal mining in the mining area,which lead to soil erosion,ecological function degradation and ecological stability weakening,affect the production and life of surrounding residents and the sustainable development of regional economy,at the same time,cause land occupation and surface vegetation damage,so it is urgent to carry out vegetation reconstruction.In this study,Lingwu mining area is taken as the research object.Through the investigation and experiment of the site factors of the mining area,the main factors of the site types are found out by correlation analysis and principal component analysis,and the site types of the mining area are divided by cluster analysis,named by the main factors.Then the characteristics of each site type were analyzed,combined with the field investigation,to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of suitable plant species in vegetation reconstruction.The results show that:(1)The coal mining sites in Lingwu mining area are divided into two types:Yanshishan and subsidence areas.Yanshishan is divided into platforms and slopes according to the micro-topography.The subsidence area is gentle sandy land.Based on the results of field surveys and laboratory tests,the site factors that divide the site types of coal mining sites are selected as microtopography(X1),aspect(X2),cover thickness(X3/cm),soil texture(X4),and soil field water capacity(X5/%),soil organic matter content(X6/g·kg-1),effective P content(X7/mg·kg-1),available K content(X8/mg·kg-1),total P content(X9/g·kg-1)9 site factors.(2)The principal factor analysis method was used to analyze site factors X1-X9,and the dominant factors for determining site types were:coal mining site type,micro-topography,soil cover thickness,and soil texture.Cluster analysis was performed on the plots based on the dominant factors,and the 27 plots in the Lingwu mining area were divided into 2 plot types,5 plot types,and 12 plot types.(3)Based on the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties such as soil water holding capacity,soil organic matter,soil alkaline N,soil available P,available K,total N,total P,and full K of different site types in coal mining sites,the study concluded that:The content of available K and total N,other indicators are shown in Yanshishan>collapse area;under different micro-topography conditions,the soil alkalinization N,available K,and effective P content change law is slope>platform;the thicker the soil thickness of Yanshishan,The larger the total N and K content in the soil,the other indicators decreased.(4)According to the analysis of the site type characteristics of the coal mining site,the coal gangue mountain platform is relatively flat and has a large area with a slope of 18.6-40°.The soil source of the coal gangue mountain is the surrounding soil,which is alkaline and the thickness of the soil.Mostly between 20-60cm,the soil cover of the coal gangue mountain has strong water permeability,poor water retention and fertility,and the soil water holding capacity is 16.21%-34.91%;the soil nutrients in the coal mining site are barren:soil organic matter content,alkaline hydrolysis N,total effect N The contents are all extremely low levels,the soil available P and total effective P contents are low to middle-low levels,the soil available K content is low to middle-upper levels,and the soil total K content(>25g·kg-1)is extremely high Level.