Study On Multicomponent Simultaneous Extraction Mechanism Of Camellia Oleifera Cake

Camellia oleifera cake is a by-product of now available physical pressing oil processing technology,which is abundant in oils and active ingredients such as tea saponin phospholipids,proteins,carbohydrates and etc,The residues can be widely used and are high-valued.Most of the current residual processing technologies can obtain one single target product,but comsume a lot of time and energy,that is,cost more and gain not enough,which limit the full use of the Camellia oleifera cake.N-butanol/aqueous solution was proved to be useful for simultaneous extraction of various components,which is relatively short in time,low in energy consumption and low in cost.Therefore,this study took Camellia oleifera cake as an object to study the dissolution law of the multi-component Camellia oleifera cake by synchronous extraction of n-butanol-aqueous solution,and optimized its extraction and separation process.The extraction mechanism was explored to provide experimental reference for simultaneous efficient extraction of multiple components of oil processing by-products.Main research contents and results are as follows:(1)Study on the dissolution of multi-component of Camellia oleifera cake by n-butanol-aqueous solutionThe study compared the dissolution rules of the multi-component Camellia oleifera cake under different factors.A response surface optimization model was established with the extraction temperature,pH,and extraction liquid-material ratio as the independent variables and tea saponin dissolution rate as the dependent variable.Y1=91.89-1.04A+0.80B+1.79C+0.29AB+0.19BC-2.61A2-0.31B2-1.88C2.After statistical analysis of the response surface model,it can he found that the interaction between the extraction pH and the extraction temperature,the extraction temperature and the extraction liquid-material ratio Significantly;a response surface optimization model with extraction pH,extraction temperature,and extraction liquid-material ratio as independent variables and tea saponin purity as the dependent variable was constructed:Y2=78.72+0.51 A+0.33B+0.31C+0.28AC-2.591 A2-0.73B2-0.99C2,through statistical analysis,it can be found that pH and extraction temperature are the main factors affecting the purity of tea saponin,and the order of influence is pH＞extraction temperature＞extract liquid-material ratio and the interaction between extraction pH and liquid-to-material ratio is significant.The optimized simultaneous extraction conditions of n-butanol-water solution are:extraction pH 4.5,extraction temperature 84℃,extraction liquid-material ratio 10.6 mL/g,n-butanol water content 20%,extraction time 120 min.The theoretical values of tea saponin dissolution rate and tea saponin purity were 92.50%and 78.76%respectively under the condition of simultaneous extraction.The measured dissolution rate of tea saponin was(92.38 ± 0.57)%,and the purity of tea saponin was(78.47±0.37)%,which was basically close to the theoretical value.(2)Multi-component separation of n-butanol-water solution for simultaneous extraction of Camellia oleifera cakeInvestigate the effects of separation temperature,pH,salt type,salt concentration and other factors on the boundary conditions for simultaneous extraction of multiple components in aqueous n-butanol solution during extraction.A response surface optimization model with separation temperature,pH,and potassium chloride concentration as independent variables and tea saponin separation rate as the dependent variable was constructed:Y1=88.91-0.27A+0.56B-1.24C+0.21BC-0.80A2-1.04B2-2.79C2.The optimal separation conditions for the multi-component system of n-butanol-aqueous synchronous extraction of Camellia oleifera cake were obtained:the separation temperature was 87℃,pH3.8,and the concentration of potassium chloride was 0.09 mol/L.Under these conditions,the theoretical value of the tea saponin separation rate was 89.22%.The actual measured tea saponin separation rate was(89.18±0.32)%,which was close to the theoretical value.(3)Study on the mechanism of simultaneous extraction of multi-component of Camellia oleifera cake by n-butanol-aqueous solutionThe research on the solubilization effect of n-butanol-water solution system on tea oil was carried out by adding tea saponin.It was found that the addition of tea saponin promoted the dissolution effect of n-butanol-water solution system on tea oil to a certain extent.Scanning electron microscopy microstructure observation technology was used to observe the microstructure of camellia cake.Combining the change of the swelling coefficient of camellia cake during the extraction of n-butanol-water solution,it was found that the pH,temperature,liquid-material ratio,time and n-butanol-water solution during extraction factors such as water content have a certain effect on the swelling coefficient of camellia cake.The main fatty acid composition and content of tea oil obtained by simultaneous extraction of n-butanol-water solution by GC-MS analysis were palmitic acid 0.30%,palmitic acid 10.62%,linoleic acid 6.20%,oleic acid 75.06%and Stearic acid 2.39%.