| The southeast of Hubei Province is rich in coal resources.Since ancient times.people have the tradition of using coal,but the scale is small.After modern times,with the introduction of industrial technology and the development of machine application,coal resources play an irreplaceable role as an important fuel,thus promoting the mining and operation of coal industry in this region.In the process of the formation of Southeast Hubei coal mine company in modern times,personnel and technology are the core of coal mine establishment.In modern times,the miner groups in Southeastern Hubei mainly include the landlord class,the middle and small bourgeoisie,the government technical officials and the foreign merchant comprador groups,who use their own influence to engage in the coal mine development;the miner mainly comes from the local agricultural labor force,in which the wages and medical conditions of the public mine are better than those of the private mine.Most of the coal mines in Southeastern Hubei are small and medium-sized,and most of the private mines are based on the local technology,which can meet their own living needs or the needs of the nearby market,with a small scale.The public mines are the main ones that adopt the western style machine production and coal refining,but because of the huge cost,most of them are also used in combination with the local technology and the western technology.Restricted by the system and capital and other factors,the development of small and medium-sized coal mines is difficult,and it is easy to cause disputes or capital penetration,resulting in production suspension or bankruptcy.At the institutional level,the late Qing Dynasty experienced the transition from prohibition to relaxation,and the mining laws and regulations were not mature,with less restrictions on foreign businessmen,and the powers seized the mining profits by taking advantage of the opportunity;the mining laws and regulations of the Republic of China changed repeatedly since the promulgation,and the provisions on small coal mines contradicted each other,with great authority and discount,forming disorder and chaos in the system,which was contrary to the original intention of encouraging industrial development.At the capital level,the government uses the audit mechanism to conduct multi-party review on the mining capital of miners,which is cumbersome and takes the opportunity to collect taxes and fees.Small and medium-sized coal mines are exploited by the government,causing serious capital pressure,coal mines are overburdened and bankruptcies are everywhere.In the development process of small and medium-sized coal enterprises in Southeast Hubei,the miner Ding Ruilin is one of the typical representatives.As the backbone of public mining technology,he also participated in private mining operations such as Yinshan coal mine.After the establishment,transfer and reorganization of enterprises,he experienced rich experiences.He was the representative of "learning while being excellent business".He was the concentrated reflection of the times environment and his own characteristics.He contributed his own strength to the modernization of Hubei industry and reflected the development of modern Southeast Hubei coal mine.With the development of coal mining industry in Southeast Hubei in modern times,the export of coal resources has greatly developed waterways,highways,especially railways,promoted the modernization of transportation in Hubei,and also promoted the transformation of social atmosphere in Southeast Hubei from "disdaining to speak business" to "fighting for the mine and litigating for the benefit".At the same time,in the process of coal mining development in Southeast Hubei in modern times,the exploitation of coal and other mining industries by the government made the development of coal industry contradictory and difficult.. |
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