Preparation And Properties Of Low Surface Tension And High Viscosity Aerosol Scavenger

In nuclear accidents and related activities,radioactive aerosol pollution may occur.Radioactive aerosols are easily diffused,and they enter the human body through the respiratory system to form internal radiation that causes irreparable radiation damage.Therefore,how to quickly and effectively remove or control radioactive aerosols to prevent their spread and cause pollution is a problem that needs to be resolved in a nuclear accident emergency.Atomization and fixation technology is one of the more flexible,simple,and effective methods for the purification of radioactive aerosols.Among them,scavenger with high-pressure performance are the key to the aerosolization and dust removal technology.In view of this,a new type of low surface tension and high viscosity scavenger is mainly prepared by molecular design and synthesis,and its structure and properties are characterized and studied.The main contents include:（1）Using acrylamide,acrylic acid and styrene as comonomers,a low surface tension and high viscosity aqueous polymer P（AM-co-AA-co-St）solution was prepared by microemulsion polymerization.The low surface tension polymer solution has good wettability to aerosol dust,while maintaining the high viscosity characteristics of the polymer solution,which is conducive to the capture and fixation of aerosol dust.In this paper,the structure and properties of the polymer were characterized by IR,NMR,molecular weight test,thermal analysis,and morphology analysis,and the polymerization mechanism of the product was discussed.At the same time,the molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of polymers with different monomer ratios and the optical microstructures of the cross-sections of the products after freeze-drying were analyzed,and the optimal preparation process of the aerosol scavenger formulations was discussed.（2）A P（AM-co-AA-co-St）polymer solution was used as the scavenger.The systemic relationship between its composition,surface tension,viscosity,and dust particles was discussed.The prepared scavenger with a solid content of 10%has a minimum surface tension of 55.276 mN/m and a viscosity of 2502 mPa·s.At the same time,the modification mechanism of the scavenger was analyzed.The contact angle test of the scavenger and the simulated experimental dust tablet showed that the higher the St content,the better the wettability of the scavenger.Then,the optical microstructure test after drying the scavenger and the dust shows that the polymer has a three-dimensional network structure in the aqueous solution,and has good fixability to dusts with different particle sizes.At the same time,it also has a good fixation effect on loose pollutants scattered on the surface of the object,and prevents secondary pollution caused by dust falling from the membrane during the subsequent membrane treatment process.Finally,the work efficiency of different types of scavengers in ventilated and unventilated environments was analyzed.In an unventilated environment,the highest removal efficiency of scavengers is:η_{number concentration}=89.09%,η_{mass concentration}=93.15%;in a ventilated environment,the highest removal efficiency of scavengers:η_{number concentration}=94.13%,η_{mass Concentration}=99.77%.The prepared compressed preparations can be continuously formed into films,and have good peelability,which is conducive to the recovery and treatment of dust waste.