Preparation And Electrochemical Properties Of Sn/Mn/Ni Materials For Supercapacitors

Tin oxide,manganese oxide,nickel oxide these oxide material in the earth’s surface is abundant,has the purification of low cost,specific capacitance performa-nce good,friendly green pollution-free advantages,and has a great potential for sci-entific research,has become one of the popular alternative material of super apacitorelectrode materials.It has gradually become one of the hot candidate Electrode Mat-erials for supercapacitors.However,when they are used as electrode materials,they have poor electrical conductivity and other problems.In order to promote the appli cation of oxide materials such as tin oxide,manganese oxide and nickel oxide,it is of great significance to study electrode materials with low cost and good electrochemi cal properties.Based on the above considerations,this paper is devoted to preparin g a series of oxide pure phase electrode materials for supercapacitors by simple hyd rothermal and calcination methods,including manganese dioxide,tin dioxide,nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide.The specific research contents are as follows:（1）A simple one-step hydrothermal synthesis method is adopted to prepare po wder materials of manganese dioxide with different morphologies after calcination at different temperatures.The material morphology is cuboid with smooth surface a nd different sizes,and the crystal structure remains stable.The calcination process c an adjust the regularity and uniformity of particle size of MnO₂ to a certain extent.When used as electrode material for supercapacitor,the sample calcined at 333℃s hows the optimal comprehensive performance,with the specific capacitance of 33.48 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 and 13.6 F g^-1 at 13 A g^-1.（2）A series of tin dioxide materials were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis a nd calcination in air.The overall structure of the tin dioxide material was irregular m icron flower-like structure with some internal pores.Among them,the internal lame llae and pores of the flower-shaped structure have some differences with the calcin ation or not and the calcination temperature.Electrochemical test results show that the specific capacitance of electrode after calcination in air is higher than without t he calcined samples values,which is under 433℃calcination samples under the cur rent density of 1 A g^-1 the specific capacitance of the highest value,122.71 g F^-1,th e rate performance of the sample also show superior performance ratio,under 13 A g^-1 specific capacitance values at A rate of 82.8%.The electrochemical test shows t hat the specific capacitance of the electrode after calcination is higher than that of t he sample without calcination.（3）In order to obtain pure phase electrode materials with higher specific capac itance,two nickel-series electrodes were prepared:nickel hydroxide and nickel oxid e electrode materials.Nickel hydroxide is directly prepared by hydrothermal reactio n,and nickel oxide is obtained by calcination of nickel hydroxide in air.The hydrothe rmal reaction gives the nickel hydroxide material a regular flower structure,which is composed of a series of layers overlapping each other,with abundant pores betwee n the layers.This flower-like structure is well maintained after calcination,resulting i n a similar morphology of the generated nickel oxide electrode.Electrochemical test s showed that the specific capacitance of nickel oxide electrode was up to 963.47 F g^-1 at the current density of 1 A g^-1,which was much higher than that of commercial activated carbon electrode.