Pyrolysis Of Oil With Microwave Absorbing Porous Foam Ceramics Based MCM Catalyst In Microwave Field To Produce Hydrocarbon Rich Fuel

Tallow,widely distributed in the plain,mountain and hill areas to the south of the Yangtze river basin in China,is a unique woody oil species in China and is listed as one of the four major woody oil species in China.Since the 11th five-year plan,a series of national policies and government actions have promoted the construction of woody energy oil forest.The increasing planting area and the upgrading technical system made the woody oil transformation developed rapidly.The mechanism of microwave absorbing catalyst assisted rapid pyrolysis of woody oil to produce hydrocarbon fuel oil was studied.Tallow kernel oil was used as raw material,microwave absorbent and catalyst were added in the microwave series reaction system.The "high heat bed' was formed in the microwave field.Tallow kernel oil was continuously added to the high heat bed,and the interface reaction took place rapidly and decarboxylated into hydrocarbon.Microwave absorption catalyst silicon carbide foam ceramics and SiC-MCM41 molecular sieve composite catalyst were used for catalysis in the microwave field to improve the phenomenon of coking which leading the catalyst passivation in the process of catalyst reuse,improve the selectivity of aromatics in the liquid product,and increase the utilization value of biological oil.1.Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of Chinese tallow kernel oil with silicon carbide (SiC)-foamed ceramic catalyst in a downdraft reactor.In this chapter,we studied the influence of catalytic temperature,catalyst to feed ratio,and feeding rate on product distribution and chemical components of bio-oil.The aromatic proportion reached a maximum value of 89.707 wt% when catalytic conditions were set as follows:300? catalytic temperature,1:2 catalyst/feedstock ratio,and 1 mL/min feed rate.Fourier-transform infrared spectra were consistent with the results obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Their outstanding thermal stability allowed SiC-foamed ceramics to perform well in five cycles of repeated experiments under optimal conditions.These results indicate that the SiC-foamed ceramics are promising catalysts for aromatic production in microwave-assisted pyrolysis of Chinese tallow kernel oil in a downdraft reactor.This pathway can also improve the application prospects of microwave pyrolysis technology.2.Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of Chinese tallow kernel oil with SiC-MCM41 composite catalyst in a downdraft reactor.This chapter reports the synthesis of SiC-MCM41 composite catalyst by microwave-assisted hydrothermal process and the composite catalyst had the characteristics of MCM41 and SiC,and the surface of SiC grew evenly with a layer of MCM41 after characterization of catalysts by various means (X-Ray Diffraction,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller,scanning electron microscopy).The catalyst was applied into pyrolysis of waste oil to investigate how it influence the bio-oil component proportion compared with no catalyst,only SiC,only MCM41 catalysis and the catalytic effect was also investigated at different temperature and different catalyst to feed ratio.In a down system with a catalytic temperature of 450?,a catalyst to feed ratio of 1:2,and a catalytic temperature of 400?,32.43% C5-C12 hydrocarbons and 41.10% mono-aromatics were obtained.The composite catalyst combined the catalysis of SiC and MCM41,and C5-C12 hydrocarbons content increased,the oxygen-containing compound content in bio-oil decreased.After repeated uses,the composite catalyst still retained the catalytic property.3.Pyrolysis of Chinese tallow kernel oil with SiC-MCM41 composite catalyst in microwave series system.The homogeneous internal heating of solid catalyst during high-temperature conversion reactions is beneficial for reducing of coke formation.Herein,a dual microwave reaction system was developed to conduct the catalytic pyrolysis of woody oil over a SiC-MCM41 catalyst which overcomes the drawback of uniform temperature heating in traditional catalytic reforming system.The effects of pyrolysis temperature,catalytic temperature and catalyst to feed ratio on product distribution and bio-oil composition were investigated.The experimental results show that when the cracking temperature is 600?, the catalytic temperature is 350?,and the catalytic ratio (catalyst:material) is 3:2,the microwave catalysis reduces the formation of coke and prolongs the service life of the catalyst.Although the production of bio oil is slightly reduced,the hydrocarbon content is increased from 86.571% to 94.833% (71.409% of aromatics),and the oxygen-containing substance is reduced.3.Pyrolysis mechanism of oil model compound with different catalyst in microwave series system.The pyrolysis behavior and reaction process of the four major fatty acids(palmitic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid) in tallow kernel oil were investigated under optimal reaction conditions with different catalysts.Bio-oil quality was affected to a considerable extent by fatty acid composition in woody oil rather than the catalyst used during the reforming process.Compared with that of other fatty acids,the aromatic content of linolenic acid could reach 92.43wt%,and the oxygen content of the oil was below 6wt%.However,the reaction rate of saturated fatty acid palmitic acid was slow,and only simple carbon skeleton fracture occured,resulting in more long chain hydrocarbons (6.25-2.09%) and olefins(12.83-6.28%).Therefore,according to the purpose of production,the oil materials with different saturations can be modified to regulate the composition of bio oil.On the other hand,it is possible to improve the chemical composition of bio oil by increasing the capacity of hydrogen supply in the reaction system or enhancing thenucleophilic reaction of hydrogen.