| Carbon materials,with fascinating properties including high specific surface area,rich porous structure,good adsorption performance,good catalytic performance and electrochemical performance etc,have been widely used in the field of biomedicine,energy storage,and environmental protection.In the application process,the morphology,size and structure of carbon materials have a greatly effect on its physical and chemical properties.Therefore,the study of the controllable preparation technology of carbon materials have a great significance for realizing the regulation of its physicochemical properties and functionalization application.The solvothermal-template method,with simple equipment,fewer product impurities and easy operation,was one of the effective ways to controllable preparation of carbon materials.Previous studies on the preparation of carbon materials by solvothermal-template method mainly focused on the preparation process and performance characterization,and there are few studies on the reaction and growth mechanism.The reaction and growth mechanism was the basis for the controllable and scientific amplification preparation of carbon materials.Therefore,the research of controllable preparation and the reaction and growth mechanism of carbon materials in the process was proposed.The feasibility of HVPC used as catalysts has been explored.The main conclusions were as follows:1.Study on the controllable preparation of carbon materials.The effects of different premixing mode,different reaction systems and the different types of the template on the morphology of carbon materials were investigated.The research found that:the chain-like solid carbon particles(CSCP),the hollow carbon materials(HCM),and the carbon nanoribbons(CN)were synthesized by combining regulation of premixed mode(STR and RPB),premixing time and the ratio of raw reagents with ferrocene as carbon source.The solid carbon spheres(SCS),the hollow carbon spheres(HCS),the bowl-like carbon particles(BLCP),and the hollow vase-like porous carbon particles(HVPC)were prepared by combining regulation the type of template,the ratio of raw reagents,and reaction time with D-glucose as carbon source.The premixing mode-raw reagents controllable preparation method was established to regulation the morphologies of carbon material.The preparation process of HCS was systematically studied.Under the optimal conditions,the HCS with regular morphology,narrow particle size distribution,average particle size of 1.24 μm,the specific surface area of 606 m2·g-1 was prepared.2.Study on the controllable preparation process of HVPC by the solvothermal-template method.The effects of different operating conditions,including reaction time,reaction temperature,concentration of D-glucose,dosage of P123,and calcination temperature on the size,morphology and structure of HVPC were investigated.The reaction time,reaction temperature and concentration of D-glucose can regulate the size of HVPC,dosage of P123 and calcination temperature can regulate the morphology and the structure of HVPC respectively.Under the optimal conditions,the amorphous HVPC with an average particle size of 449 nm,an average bottleneck length of 121 nm,the specific surface area of 691 m2·g-1,pore volume of 0.32 cm3·g-1,pore diameter of 1.85 nm was prepared.3.Study on the reaction and growth mechanism of preparation of HVPC by the solvothermal-template method.The mother liquid-carbon particle structure analysis method(MPAM)was established to research the reaction and growth mechanism of preparation HVPC.The reaction mechanism of D-glucose-D-ribose-furanic group-arene groups(DDFA)and growth mechanism of P123-sphere micelle-hollow carbon sphere-HVPC(PSHH)has been proposed in the process of preparation of HVPC by solvothermal-template method using D-glucose as carbon source.4.Performance characterization of HIVPC.Based on the prepared HVPC,the TiO2/HVPC catalyst was prepared via sol-gel method.Using it for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation rhodamine B(RhB),the result of the research showed that the adsorption and degradation rates of RhB could reach 50.26%and 80.05%respectively.The adsorption kinetics of RhB adsorption and the reaction kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of RhB by TiO2/HVPC were studied.The adsorption process was in accordance with a pseudo-secondary adsorption kinetics model,the adsorption kinetic equation was t/qt=0.342+t/9.268.The photocatalytic degradation process was in accordance with a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics model,the reaction kinetic equation was In C0/C=0.0039 t. |
