Study On The Resource Utilization Of Abandoned Fungus Substrate

Edible fungus bacteria refers to the remaining medium after cultivation of edible fungi with corncob,cornmeal,bran,sawdust,straw and various crop straws as the main raw materials.The main fungi of edible fungi are crude fiber,anti-nutritional factors and a small amount of protein.At present,there are 1,442 edible fungi industrial enterprises in China,and the total annual output of edible fungi has reached 60 million tons by 2018.It turns out that after 10 kilograms of edible fungus culture medium,after harvesting 10 kilograms of edible fungi,6 kilograms of bacillary dysentery can be left.Some of these bacteria are used as livestock feed,organic fertilizer and flower soil,and most of them are treated as traditional.The method of discarding or burning not only causes waste of resources,but also causes mold and pest breeding,and the number of harmful spores and pests in the air increases,thereby causing environmental pollution.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to explore the resource utilization value of A.faecalis,and to provide a low-cost,easy-to-use and environmentally friendly application route for agricultural waste in the field of antimicrobial materials,energy storage and dye wastewater treatment.This study consists of the following three parts:(1)A composite nanofiber membrane was prepared using a waste fungus polysaccharide and used as an antibacterial material.Firstly,the traditional water extraction and alcohol precipitation method was used to extract the polysaccharides from the fungus,and the polyvinyl alcohol/bacteria polysaccharide nanofiber membrane was prepared by the electrospinning method.Then the nano silver particles were loaded by the ultraviolet reduction method,and the gas phase was used.The crosslinking method achieves an increase in the mechanical strength of the fiber membrane without destroying the structure of the fiber itself.The structure and properties of the composite nanofiber membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer,Fourier infrared spectrometer and mechanical strength tester.The results showed that when the mass fraction of bacillus polysaccharide in the spinning solution was controlled at 20%,the nanofiber structure with smooth surface and no beading could be obtained.The fracture strain and fracture stress of the composite nanofiber membrane after gas phase crosslinking were significantly enhanced.It reached 209.2% and 5.7Mpa.Finally,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were selected as the target species to observe the antibacterial activity of the composite nanofiber membrane by the inhibition zone method.The results showed that the fungus-polysaccharide-based composite nanofiber membrane had excellent antibacterial activity.(2)A high specific surface area biomass charcoal was prepared using a waste fungus sputum polysaccharide and used as a supercapacitor electrode material.In this study,a three-dimensional structure of aerosol-like biomass carbon was prepared using A.faecalis polysaccharide,which has a very high specific surface area(2160 m 2 /g)and excellent microporosity(micropore surface area).60%,the pore size is mainly concentrated at 0.7nm),these excellent physical properties can greatly improve the material specific capacitance in the field of carbon-based supercapacitors.Through experiments,we found that the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor prepared by using the waste fungus polysaccharide-based biochar can reach 152F/g(5A/g)in the three-electrode system.We believe that this study can be used for agricultural waste.Applications in the field of energy storage offer a new route that is simple,green and inexpensive.(3)A high specific surface area biomass charcoal is prepared by a one-step method using A.faecalis colloidal colloid and used for the treatment of methylene blue in dye wastewater.In this work,we prepared a porous activated carbon using Black fungus colloid as a raw material,and verified its excellent adsorption capacity for dyes through experiments.The specific surface area,pore volume and porosity of black fungus porous carbon(BFFC-PCs)and black fungus colloidal activated carbon(BFFCCACs)were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption curves.The microstructures of BFFC-PCs and BFFCC-ACs were observed by scanning electron microscopy.Finally,the adsorption capacity of BFFC-PCs and BFFCC-ACs was determined by using methylene blue as the adsorption model.The results showed that the adsorption characteristics of the prepared BFFCC-ACs to methylene blue were in full compliance with the quasi-secondary adsorption kinetics model.