| Walnut is known as one of the four nuts,because it has high nutritional value and is widely loved by people.With the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of people's living requirements,people's quality requirements for food and life are getting higher and higher.YangBi County is known as the“Hometown of Walnuts”,and its “Big Bubble Walnut” is famous for its large fruit,thin shell,white kernel,delicious flavor and rich nutrition.The price of walnuts has been falling in recent years,mainly due to the low degree of mechanization and standardization,which has led to problems such as low quality of walnut products and lack of market competitiveness.Among them,baking is a very important link in the production and processing of walnuts,and also an important factor affecting the quality of walnuts.The traditional baking technology has not adapted to the development of the walnut industry,which seriously restricts the development of organic walnuts.This paper mainly uses literature analysis method,comparative analysis method and research method of field investigation.Through the combing of the literature and the investigation and research in the field,the current situation of walnut baking in YangBi County is discussed.At the same time,through the baking test,the technical method of baking walnut in hot air oven was summarized.The specific baking method is divided into two stages: the first stage is the stage of moisture removal and fixation,the temperature is set to 45°C,and the baking time is 1-10 hours.The main purpose of this stage is to timely evaporate the moisture of the walnut.To avoid the color of the outer casing being affected.The second stage is the baking stage,the temperature is set to 38°C,the baking time is 10-30 hours,the purpose is to reduce the moisture in the nuts to below 8%,the whole process is not easy to turn over,baking time according to baking The thickness of the walnut is determined.Through the comparative analysis of different baking techniques conducted in YangBi County,it is concluded that the walnut baking technology based on hot-blast stoves in the more used baking technology is lower than other baking techniques in the labor cost.The consumption is also lower than other baking techniques.The quality of walnut fruit is superior to other baking techniques,and the price of roasted dried fruit is higher than other baking techniques.The thermal efficiency and combustion efficiency of "5LQH-1" hot blast stove were studied.It was concluded that the combustion efficiency of "5LQH-1" hot blast stove was between 78% and 86% in thewhole combustion process,and the average efficiency reached 83%.,higher than the domestic average(80%),which is 10% higher than the average efficiency of coal-fired hot blast stoves.The exhaust temperature of “5LQH-1” hot blast stove is 70°C-240°C,and the heat loss of exhaust heat is 4%-16%,which is far lower than the heat loss of domestic hot blast stoves is 11%-17%,its flue gas The Ringermann blackness is Level1 and meets atmospheric emission standards.The feasibility and necessity of the promotion of the hot air oven walnut baking technology in YangBi County were analyzed.At present,the walnuts baked in the hot air stove walnut baking technology in YangBi County only account for 20% of the baking amount of walnuts in YangBi County,using hot air.Furnace baking of walnuts has a large market demand,and the existing walnut machinery company in YangBi County can meet the market demand for the production of hot blast stoves.In terms of policies,there are great support from the national level,the state level,and the county level to the development of the walnut industry and financial subsidies.Therefore,it is feasible to promote the hot potato oven baking technology in YangBi County.On the other hand,the problems existing in the promotion are analyzed.The main problem is that the education level of the farmers is low,and the promotion and application of new technologies are not well understood.Secondly,the cost of the hot stove is high,the subsidies are low,and the farmers have Certain economic difficulties;finally,the supporting system of related technologies is imperfect,and policies such as capital,technology,and market need to be further improved.Based on this,combined with the promotion status of YangBi County,in order to solve the problems existing in the promotion,a promotion plan suitable for promoting the baking technology of hot air stove walnut in YangBi County was formulated.The promotion plan is divided into three periods.The promotion period is the stage of technology communication.The main purpose is to promote the smokeless baking technology based on hot stoves.The promotion period is the training demonstration stage.The Forestry and Grassland Bureau and the Agriculture Bureau take the lead,sending experts and extension personnel to conduct regular training on walnut baking technology in various townships,and according to the distribution of walnut production in YangBi County and the walnut processing industry in YangBi County.The composition,the establishment of the corresponding demonstration points to demonstrate the promotion of new baking technology,the forestry grassland bureau expert workstation is responsible for technical guidance.In the later stage of promotion,it will cooperate with leading enterprises to ensure the supply and marketing demand of walnut baking equipment,improve the after-sales service system,including the installation and maintenance of baking equipment,and open a green channel for the establishment of the card holders.The government guides the regulation of the organic walnut market mechanism,establishes a market access mechanism,conducts quality inspections by a third-party testing agency,the Walnut Research Institute,and issues organic food marks by authoritative organizations.Improve the promotion system to ensure the promotion of talent and promotion funds. |
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