| With the rapid and sustained development of our economy and society,and the extensive development trend has not been effectively reversed,the environmental pollution problems caused by industrial and agricultural production are increasing.So the environmental risk of the population in the areas of environmental pollution is increasing,which leads to ever-increasing environmental demands of the public in our country.However,the protection for crowd in the polluted areas in China mainly focuses on emergency management at the back end,and seldom improves their ability to resist environmental risks by recipient prevention in natural and social environmental conditions.In addition,due to the lack of a clear identification system and criteria for vulnerable groups,blindness and inefficiency exist in the process of environmental risk management in China,so the effect of prevention and emergency management is limited.At present,the research on vulnerability evaluation mainly adopts the index system method,while the general vulnerability evaluation weakens the exposure degree of the population in the polluted field.Secondly,the indicators and their weights of vulnerability evaluation index system based on different perspectives are not universal applicability,so the vulnerability evaluation system based on population health still needs to be improved.In addition,the micro-survey on vulnerability of people at the village and town level is slightly weak,because most of the studies are at the provincial and municipal level,and the region is too macro to facilitate the implementation of management policies.Many villages and towns in Daye have been polluted by heavy metals to varying degrees due to mining activities around them,and the health of local residents has been seriously threatened.However,due to the differences in the socio-economic conditions,exposure level,sensitivity and resistance among different local crowd there,the local residents could suffer different degrees of health risk loss when facing the threat of pollution.Therefore,from the perspective of crowd health prevention,it is of practical significance to identify vulnerable receptors and identify priority protection targets through scientific and reasonable vulnerability evaluation methods in areas with potential risks.Based on the risk system theory and the framework of classical vulnerability model,this paper establishes an evaluation system of regional population vulnerability from the two dimensions of physical vulnerability and social vulnerability.Based on the local heavy metal pollution situation,the degree and distribution characteristics of physical vulnerability of population health in the region are quantitatively revealed through pollution hazard index method.Establishing social vulnerability evaluation index system of health risk population from three aspects of social and economic characteristics,crowd behavior characteristics and crowd sensitivity characteristics,using expert scoring method to determine the weight and analyze the characteristics and causes of regional social vulnerability;Finally,this paper evaluates the vulnerability of regional receptors evaluation qualitatively and quantitatively,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for environmental risk management from the perspective of vulnerability.The results show that:(1)The total pollution hazard index of the population in the polluted area and the control area were 2.589 and 0.677,respectively.In addition to the polluted areas,the control areas of Zhushan,Yangqiao and Shangzhuang are also the focus of attention in the pollution hazards.(2)Exposure route with the greatest contribution is using local vegetables,and arsenic should be the key pollutant in pollution area control.(3)Luoqiao Village and Chunguang Village respectively has the highest and lowest social vulnerability,whose value are 0.77 and 0.188,respectively.(4)Receptor vulnerability can be qualitatively classified into four categories,with different vulnerability characteristics in different regions.Quantitatively,the top three villages of receptor vulnerability were Jinqiao Village,Weiwang Village and Luoqiao Village.(5)Based on the results,this paper puts forward the following regional environmental risk management countermeasures: effectively identify vulnerable groups,give priority to identify and control pollution areas and pollutants,and enhance the risk resistance of the population. |
