Construction And Application Of Nutritional Comprehensive Evaluation Method For Multi-indicator System Of Infant Foods

The nutritional content of infant formula must meet the growth needs of infants and young children.It should be as close as possible to breast milk.The content,composition and dose efficiency of various nutrients are essential for meeting the nutritional needs of infants and young children.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct scientific and rational comprehensive nutritional evaluation methods for infant formula.In this study,the analytic hierarchy process was used to construct a comprehensive nutrition evaluation system for infant formula,which consisted of three levels:target layer,indicator layer and variable layer.The target layer is the comprehensive evaluation of infant formula.The indicator layer includes protein,fat,and carbohydrates.The variable layers are amino acids,fatty acids,Sn-2fatty acids,oligosaccharides,lactose.The scoring method for calculating each index layer by the variable layer is the amino acid analysis evaluation method,the optimal value distance method and the Mahalanobis distance method.Through the system,infant formula（infant formula goat milk powder brand 1-7 number is GA,GB,GC,GL,GR,GYB;infant formula cow milk powder brand 8-9 number is CF,CY respectively）based on three major Macro nutrient and its sub-indicators for comprehensive evaluation of multi-index nutrition,which in order to provide reference for the development and nutritional evaluation of infant formula.The main conclusions were as follows:（1）Protein nutrition evaluation results showed:The GYB sample of the I stage infant formula goat milk powder had the highest protein score of 77.30.Except for the low score of GY and CF samples,the score difference of other samples was not significant.The CY sample of the II stage infant formula cow milk powder had the highest protein score of 72.19,and the GY sample was the lowest.The protein scores of the III infant formula were significantly different between the samples,among them the GYB sample score was the highest,at 76.32.（1）According to the amino acid scoring analysis,the first limiting amino acid of the I stage infant formula was methionine+cystine;in the II stage,the first limiting amino acid of the GY and GR samples was histidine,and the other samples were methionine+cystine;in the III stage,the first limiting amino acid of the GL,GYB,and CF samples was phenylalanine+tyrosine,and the remaining samples were histidine.（2）The essential amino acid index of the I stage infant formula was greater than 90;the essential amino acid index of the II and III stage was significantly greater than 100.（3）According to the score of amino acid ratio coefficient（SRC）,the GB sample of I stage infant formula goat milk powder was the highest,at 83.50.The deviation from the ideal protein amino acid model was small,and the scores of GL,GY and CF samples were lower.In the II stage,except CY sample was 81.5,the SRC score of the remaining samples was lower than 80.In the III stage,the CF sample had the highest SRC score of 82.85,followed by GB,GL,GYB sample scores greater than70,and the remaining samples were all below 70.（4）The gray correlation analysis showed that the score of CF sample in I stage infant formula was lower at 0.556,and the rest of the samples were around 0.7.In the II stage,the GB sample had the highest score of gray correlation coefficient at 0.672,followed by GC sample at 0.660 and the score of 0.60 for the rest samples.The highest gray correlation coefficient of the III stage was the GYB sample of the infant formula goat milk powder,which was 0.686,followed by the CF sample,which was 0.638.（2）Fat nutrition evaluation results showed:The content of trace fatty acids and sn-2fatty acids was significantly different from that of breast milk,which was the main factor affecting fat nutrition evaluation score.In the I stage infant formula,the CF and GL samples had the highest fat nutrition evaluation score,the scores were above 60 points except the GY,GR,GYB samples.The highest fat nutrition evaluation score in infant formula of the II and III stage were GB and GL samples,respectively.The fat comprehensive scores of II and III stage samples fluctuated greatly,which was greatly affected by the Sn-2 fatty acids.The F_Sn-2score is mostly concentrated at 20³5,which lowers the fat comprehensive score.（1）The fatty acid evaluation score showed that the GY sample score in the I stage infant formula was the highest,and the score of the infant goat milk powder was generally higher than that of the infant cow milk powder.The main fatty acids in infant formula I,II and III stage were palmitic acid（C16:0）,oleic acid（C18:1c）and linoleic acid（C18:2c）,and the total content accounts for more than 65%of total fatty acids.There were significant differences in the three major fatty acids of different brands of infant formula（P<0.05）.（2）The Sn-2 fatty acid evaluation score showed that there was a significant difference between the infant formula and breast milk in Sn-2 fatty acid.The F_Sn-2 scores of all samples were less than half or even lower than that of F_FA.The highest F_Sn-2 score of CF sample of infant formula goat milk powder was still less than 60 points.（3）The results of carbohydrate nutrition evaluation showed:the content of oligosaccharide in infant formula was significantly different from that in breast milk,and oligosaccharide content was the main influencing factor of carbohydrate score.The highest carbohydrate scores of I stage infant foemula were GA and CY samples;and in II,III stage both was GA samples.The highest oligosaccharide content in I stage was CY sample,which was the infant formula cow milk powder,at 3.10 g/100 g,followed by the GA sample of the infant goat milk powder,which was 3.06 g/100 g.The oligosaccharide content of the other samples was about 1.5 g/100 g,which was significantly different from that of breast milk（P<0.05）.（4）The comprehensive nutrition evaluation results based on protein,fat and carbohydrate evaluation scores showed:among the 9 brands of infant formula,the top three brands in the I stage are GA,CY,and GB;in the II stage are GB,CY,and GC;in the III stage are CF,GB,GL.Overall,GB samples of infant formula showed the best performance,indicating that the amino acid content was more balanced,and it was closer to breast milk in terms of fatty acid,Sn-2 fatty acid and oligosaccharide content.The three macronutrients of fat,protein,carbohydrates can meet the needs of normal growth of infants from the perspective of energy supply,but their specific composition is different from that of breast milk.