| This paper analysis ecological restoration that mines and project-damaged mountains in different regions,different terrain types and different site conditions,based on the Qingshan project in Liaoning Province.In order to summarize a number of technical measures and management models,breaking single governance mode of mine ecological management that only adopting reclamation and restoration of original vegetation in the past,enriching current ecological management technology of mines and damaged mountains.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)It is pointed out that the technical system of ecological control consists of four parts: control mode,ecological control technology,engineering construction process and core index.This paper summarizes the concept of management mode of ecological management of damaged mountain,land renovation,Industrial Park construction,urban construction,improvement of human settlements,development of gully economy,increase of farmers’ income and wealth,and establishment of long-term mechanism of protection of Qingshan.The ecological management mode of damaged mountain is promoted from single mine land planting to eight management modes which taking into account land,city and gardening while restoring vegetation.The ecological management area of the mine has been completed 81900 mu.Among them,6907 mu is combined with land renovation;20592 mu is combined with industrial park construction and urban construction;2754 mu is combined with improving human settlements;and 20592 mu is provided for industrial and commercial and urban construction.(2)46.6 million mu is under control in eastern Liaoning,accounting for 56.9% of the area under control,and 35.3 million mu is under control in western Liaoning,accounting for 43.1% of the area under control.The control area of mining field is 81.3 million mu,accounting for 99.27% of the control area;the control area of waste rock field and tailings reservoir is 0.06 million mu,accounting for 0.73% of the control area.It is estimated that the average treatment cost per unit area of mine ecological management is 31200 yuan per mu in Liaoning.(3)There are 709 vegetation restoration projects of mine ecological control engineering in Liaoning,with an area of 29855 mu.Among them,the preservation area of the control site is 29515 mu,the preservation rate is 99%;the average vegetation preservation rate is 76%,the canopy density is 0.4,and the coverage is 66%;the site preservation complete project is 684,the area is 28075 mu,accounting for 99%;the site exists the destruction phenomenon of 25 projects,the damaged site area is 340 mu,accounting for1% of the control area;the restoration of vegetation items The average vegetation preservation rate was 76%;the slopes of 127 project areas were vertically greened;and the slopes of 119 project areas were planted with vines. |
