Effect Of Germinated Brown Rice On Bcaas And Scfas In T2DM Patients

With the westernization of the dietary culture of our residents,the whole grain intake was seriously insufficient.A large number of epidemiological studies had shown that adequate intake of whole grain foods can help prevent and alleviate the development of many chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.In the early stage,our group used a whole-grain food-germinated brown rice(GBR)to conduct a three-month intervention test on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The results showed that there was an obvious improvement between the patient’s blood glucose and insulin levels.Given the increasing incidence of type 2diabetes and complex interactions with the metabolism of glucose,fatty acid,amino acid,and energy,this study had derived from branched chain amino acids(BCAAs)and short-chain fatty acids(short-chain)to explore the mechanism of GBR in improving blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.The main contents and results of this topic are as follows:The patient’s physical indicators and the general situation comparison: In the 60-70 years old diabetes,the number of people who smoked and drank alcohols population accounted for the majority of the total.The patient’s condition was shorter exercise time,lower intensity,some with hypertension and hyperlipidemia,and all had different degrees of obesity.There were no significant differences in height,weight,body mass index(BMI)between the intervention group and the control(P>0.05).Analysis of the results of dietary questionnaire showed that there a significant difference in dietary fiber(P<0.05).GBR can improve blood glucose and insulin levels: Fasting blood glucose and islet function index after GBR intervention decreased significantly(P<0.05).The results’ analysing of dietary questionnaire showed that there was no significant difference in energy and protein intake(P>0.05),while there was a significant difference in dietary fiber(P<0.05).GBR rice can significantly reduce the concentration of BCAAs in serum:The concentration of BCAAs(Val,Leu and Ile)in serum was significantly decreased by LC-MS/MS after GBR intervention(P<0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that blood glucose and energy were risk factors for BCAAs(OR>1);insulin was a protective factor(OR<1).GBR can promote BCAAs and glucose catabolism: the mRNA expression levels of BCATm and BCKDH(the key enzymes of BCAAs decomposition)were significantlyincreased(P<0.05).Serum pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)activity decreased and lactate dehydrogenase(PDH)activity increased(P<0.05).Germinated brown rice promoted the formation of intestinal flora in SCFAs;the content of short-chain fatty acids(acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid)in feces increased significantly(P<0.05).Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and SCFAs showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of Faecalibacterium,Bacteroides,and short-chain fatty acids(P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that butyric acid and glucagon-like peptide-1 were protective factors for diabetes.In summary,GBR can improve the biochemical indicators of type II diabetes,and its mechanism is related to the improvement of insulin resistance,the metabolism of BCAAs and SCFAs.This study will provide a better understanding of the nutritional and health effects of whole grain GBR for our residents,and understand the structure of dietaryly adjusted branched chain amino acids and dietary fiber to establish a new concept of health.