Analysis On The Reduction Potential Of Wheat/Maize Fertilizer,Pesticide And Irrigation Water In The Northern Part Of Henan

The contribution of fertilizers,pesticides and agricultural irrigation water to crops is crucial.However,the unreasonable application of these resources has resulted in waste of resources,increased production costs,pollution of the ecological environment,and even threatened the healthy growth of human beings.Therefore,the reduction of fertilizers,pesticides and irrigation water is imminent,and the study of reduction potential is the focus of work.In this paper,the questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the application status of chemical fertilizers,pesticides and irrigation water in wheat and maize production in typical wheat-maize rotation high-yield areas in the north of the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin in Anyang,Hebi,Xinxiang and Jiaozuo.By investigating the application habits of chemical fertilizers,pesticides and irrigation water in farmers’ food production and the corresponding recommended dosages,the potential of fertilizer,pesticide and irrigation water reduction can be analyzed.The recommended amount of fertilizer is the high-yield and low-ferment survey by self-reference.The average value of the samples and the recommended dosage of pesticides are based on the pesticide dosages specified in GB/T 8321(1-9)"Practical Use Guidelines for Pesticides".The results are as follows:(1)From the survey of farmer households and the surveyed maize planting area,the wheat grain in the north of Henan Province is relatively concentrated,mostly distributed between 6750 and 9750 kg·hm-2,with an average yield of 8329.90 kg·hm-2,of which 82.97%of the farmers’ wheat The yield is between 6000～9000 kg·hm-2;the yield of maize is generally high,mostly distributed between 7500～9750 kg·hm-2,and the average yield is 8993.77 kg·hm-2.There is no linear relationship between fertilization amount and yield in wheat and maize production,that is,high fertilization amount does not necessarily correspond to high yield,and both crops have saving potential for fertilizer in production.(2)From the perspective of the number of surveyed households and the surveyed area,it is concluded that N is applied twice in wheat production in the survey area,and P205 and K20 are applied once more.The phenomenon of not applying P205 and K20 is also common,and the total number of nutrient applications is depending on the number of times of application of N;N and K20 are applied twice in maize production,and P205 is applied once more.It is also common to not apply P205 and K20.The total number of nutrient applications depends on the number of times of application.It is known that in the wheat/maize production in the northern part of Henan Province,the fertilizer habits of farmers are more important to N,and P205 and K20 are not paid enough attention.(3)This chapter derives the recommended fertilizer amount from its own reference.From the three different perspectives of N,P205 and K20,it can be seen that wheat/maize production has the potential to reduce fertilizer application,and N,P205 and K20 in wheat production.The reduction potentials were 24.15%,43.58%and 23.72%,respectively;the reduction potentials of N,P205 and K20 in maize production were 26.68%,39.68%and 31.62%,respectively.(4)In the wheat production in the north of Henan:1)There are 43 kinds of pesticides used,among which the herbicides,insecticides and growth regulators are 14,26 and 3,respectively.In the production of wheat,there are still high levels of pesticides such as banned pesticides such as Locusts and McMade.2)The number of pesticide application cases is 1～4 times,more often used 2～3 times,the average application frequency is 2.35 times,and the number of application of herbicides,insecticides and growth regulators is 1 time,1-2 times and 1 time.3)There are 4 kinds of herbicides with the cumulative percentage of commonly used pesticides ranging from 0%to 90%,which are respectively Besulfuron-methyl,Nicotinic acid,Atrazine and Thifensulfuron;there are 8 kinds of insecticidal fungicides,respectively It is Oxidized dimethoate,Beta-cypermethrin,Phoxim,Carbendazim,Imidacloprid,Triadimefon,Bifenthrin and Beta-cypermethrin;growth regulators include Brassinolide and Paclobutrazol.4)In the wheat production,the herbicides,insecticides and fungicides and growth regulators have some pesticides that exceed the maximum recommended dosage and have the potential to reduce the drug.The drug reduction potentials of the three were 60.80%,28.74%and 4.76%,respectively.(5)In the production of maize in the north of Henan:1)A total of 41 pesticides were used,of which 15,21 and 5 were pesticides,Insecticides and Growth regulators.Paraquats,Methamidophos and other banned pesticides,Omethoate,Carbofuran and other high pesticides are still applied in maize production;2)The number of pesticide application cases is 1～4 times,more often used 2～3 times,the average application frequency is 2.53 times,and the number of application of herbicides,insecticides and growth regulators is 1 time,1～2 times and 1 time;3)There are 5 kinds of herbicides with the cumulative percentage of commonly used pesticides within 90%,namely,Nicotinicin,Isopropylidene,Benzosulfuron,Atrazine and Nicosulfuron;insecticidal fungicide has 7 Species,respectively,Cypermethrin,Bifenthrin,Beta-cypermethrin,Carbaryl,Phoxim,Omethoate and Imidacloprid;growth regulators are Amine fresh ethephon,Brassinolide and Chlormequat.4)In the maize production,57%,92%,and 78%of the pesticides,insecticides,and growth regulators respectively applied more than the recommended amount of pesticides,and had the reduction potential.The potentials of the three reductions were 18.45%,53.22%and 69.82%respectively.(6)In the production of wheat and maize in the north of Henan Province:1)The average annual water demand is 507.5mm and 491.07mm respectively,and the average annual effective precipitation is 131mm and 350mm respectively,and the irrigation water requirement is 376.5mm and 141.07mm respectively;2)The number of wheat irrigation times for surveying farmers is 1～4 times,88%of farmers(90%of wheat planting area)are irrigated 2-3 times,the average number of irrigation is 2.57 times;the number of maize irrigation is 0-4 times 91.65%of the farmers(94.07%of the maize planting area)were irrigated 2 to 3 times,and the average number of irrigations was 2.50 times;3)Only 5.65%of the winter wheat production in the north of Henan Province in the wheat production is greater than the wheat irrigation water requirement of 376.5mm,the agricultural water reduction potential is 11.61%;81.08%of the maize production is in the summer maize.The amount of irrigation water in production is greater than that of summer maize,which is 141.07mm,and the potential of agricultural water reduction is 40.88%.It shows that wheat in the northern part of Henan is seriously deficient in water,and summer maize has more irrigation water.It should adopt more reasonable methods of agricultural water reduction for irrigation.