Research On Eco-clean Small Watershed Construction In Henan Water Source Region Of The Middle Route Project For South-to-North Water Diversion

China is one of the countries with the most serious soil erosion in the world.In the middle of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the water and hills in Henan’s water source area are staggered,the terrain is undulating,the population density is high,and the contradiction between people and land is prominent.As a result,the natural vegetation has been seriously damaged.The implementation of soil and water conservation projects has achieved certain results.However,with the rapid socio-economic development of Henan Water Source Area,many development and construction projects,the area of soil erosion caused by human factors has rapidly increased,and soil erosion has become the current improvement of the ecological environment of Henan Water Source Area in the middle line of South-to-North Water Transfer.It is of far-reaching significance to solve the problem of soil erosion by developing productivity,peasants’ poverty alleviation,land remediation and protection,and the improvement of people’s quality of life.Taking the Jiaying small watershed in the water source area of the middle line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project as an example,this paper adopts the PRA method(participatory rural survey and evaluation method)to conduct an in-depth investigation and comprehensively understand the land use status,human settlement environment status and non-point source pollution status in Jiaying small watershed.,socio-economic conditions,river channel conditions,etc.The data collected by geospatial data analysis software is processed and analyzed to explore various ecological environment,economic development and human settlement environment in small watersheds.The small watershed governance indicator system and its construction standards are determined in four aspects: water environment,soil environment,ecological environment and socio-economic aspects.According to the governance index system and the actual situation of the small watershed,the Jiaying small watershed will be divided into “ecological restoration areas and ecological management areas”,and the objectives of phased governance will be determined for different areas,according to the staged governance objectives established by different areas.Eco-clean small watershed management measures.The “ecological restoration area” is mainly located in the upper and middle reaches of the small watershed.The main control measures adopted in the three governance stagesinclude the ban,the soil and water conservation project,the village environmental governance process,the improvement of agricultural production measures,the adjustment of industrial structure,and the development of the green industry model.And other measures,combined with environmental governance measures and rural economic development measures,orderly promote the "ecological restoration area" environmental improvement and coordinated economic development.The“ecological control zone”is mainly located in the lower reaches of the small watershed.The main control measures adopted in the three governance stages include the channel bank slope treatment process,the environmental management of the village and town gathering area,the non-point source pollution control measures,the garbage and sewage treatment measures,and the support.Green industry development model,establishment of management and protection mechanisms and other measures.The ecological clean small watershed management in the water source area of the middle line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should complete the goal of water conservation and soil conservation,not only to improve the ecological environment of small watersheds,but also to improve the income level of the people in the region,promote regional economic development,and explore the adjustment of regional economic structure..Through this research,this paper explores the governance model of the ecologically clean small watershed in the water source area of the middle line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project,which basically conforms to the water management concept in the new period and should be further summarized,publicized and promoted.