Design Of Carbon Nanomaterials And Their Applications In ORR Catalysis And Antibacterial Materials

Nanocarbon materials have excellent properties such as high mechanical strength,high conductivity and chemical versatility,and play an essential role in human daily life.Porous carbon materials and carbon quantum dots(CQDs)are important components of nanocarbon materials,and they have attracted widely researches utilized in various fields of production and life.The modification of nanocarbon materials includes doping,grafting and compositing,which can improve or change their properties.However,there are still some modification problems to solve.For example,it's necessary to study further the differences in the doping mode of different heteroatom and their effects on the electrochemical performance.The structural adjustment and functional improvement of nanocarbon materials also need deeper study.As a result,the main research contents of this thesis are as follows:(1)Doping modification of porous carbon materials.Pyrrole and thiophene,with similar molecular structures,were selected as functional monomers to synthesize the corresponding hypercrosslinked polymers,followed by high temperature treatment to obtain the Fe/N,Fe/S and Fe/N/S doped model porous carbon materials.Also,the doping modes of different heteroatoms and their effects on Oxidation reduction reaction(ORR)catalysis were systematically investigated.The results of the study show that the doping different non-metal heteroatoms have a significant influence on the formation of metal-based active sites of carbon materials.The doping of N in iron-carbon materials induces the formation of Fe3O4 active sites,while the S interacts with FeCl3 to form the metal nanoparticles of Fe1-xS.All three porous carbon materials show excellent ORR catalytic activity and good methanol tolerance.The catalytic activity of Fe3O4/N shows higher activity than Fe1-xS/S,especially the synergistic effect of Fe1-xS,Fe3O4 and N makes Fe/N/S model carbon material exhibits superior performance to commercial Pt/C.(2)Grafting modification of carbon quantum dots.A synthetic glucose-based ionic liquid was designed as a precursor,and novel ionic-liquid-modified carbon quantum dots were prepared by solvothermal method.During the synthesis,the uses of glucose-based ionic liquid as precursors not only easily obtain the nanostructures of CQDs,but also achieve the direct functionalization of CQDs.The research results indicate that the ILs modified on the surface of CQDs allows the adjustment to the hydrophilicity of CQDs by the anion exchange of ILs.The CQDs have obvious antibacterial activity,and the inhibitory effect on bacteria is significant compared with the pure ionic liquid.In addition,the antibacterial property enhanced with the increasing length of ILs alkyl chain.