Research And Design On The Control System Of A Five-Axis CNC Engraving Machine Based On STM32 Microcontroller

With the continuous development of modern industry,CNC engraving machine is applied in die industry,stone carving,handicraft processing and other fields to meet the requirements of the times.However,due to the limitation of core technology such as CNC system,there is still a certain gap between domestic and foreign engraving machine technology.Generally,manufacturers only assemble CNC engraving machine,lacking of core technology.In this context,the control system of five-axis CNC engraving machine is studied,the main work are as follows:(1)The overall plan of software and hardware for the control system of five-axis engraving machine was made,and the host and slave computer control scheme of PC+STM32 single chip computer was determined.According to the plan,the hardware circuit design based on STM32 single chip computer was completed,and the software function of the control system was planned and studied.(2)The principle of differential interpolation was studied,and the direct interpolation of cubic polynomial curve was realized,which enriched the interpolation function of the control system of five-axis NC engraving machine.At the same time,multi-dimensional linear space interpolation based on differential interpolation principle was used to realize the interpolation function of five-axis linkage.(3)The overall analysis of UCOS-III real-time operating system was carried out,and the transplantation scheme of UCOS-III real-time operating system for five-axis NC engraving machine was determined.Then,the preparation before transplantation of UCOS-III real-time operating system,the transplantation of system and the design division of tasks,and the scheduling of tasks were designed and planned in detail.The research direction of the development environment based on UCOS-III real-time operating system was determined,and the design of the lower computer of five-axis NC engraving machine was completed.(4)Three-axis engraving code was generated by ArtCAM software,which served the engraving machine.Four-axis and five-axis NC code was generated by PowerMILL software.Aiming at the five-axis NC engraving machine used in this subject,the corresponding post-processing files of the five-axis NC engraving machine were worked out(5)A five-axis CNC engraving machine experimental platform was built.On this platform,the direct interpolation processing of cubic polynomial curve,three-axis relief processing,four-axis rotary surface relief processing and five-axis relief processing were completed.Finally,an AC servo motor test-bed was made to carry out the preliminary experiment of replacing the AC servo motor with stepper motor of fiveaxis NC engraving machine.Through this task,a set of five-axis CNC engraving machine control system based on STM32 was developed.PC was used to develop the host computer,STM32 was used to develop the slave computer,and UCOS-III real-time operating system was used to develop the lower computer to increase the real-time performance of the system.Finally,through a large number of experimental tests,the development of five-axis CNC engraving machine control system meets the original design requirements.