| Large-scale open-pit mining operations lead to fundamental changes in the morphology of the mining area.The dump landforms formed by large-scale open-pit mining are more prone to serious erosion,and have their own particularities in the way and degree of erosion.Therefore,this paper chooses the South dump,the West dump and the inner dump of Antaibao Open-pit Coal Mine in Pingshuo,Shanxi as the research area,and divides 12 research sample areas.Based on the multi-fractal analysis method to quantitatively characterize the landform of dump site in open-pit coal mine,the modified general soil loss equation?RUSLE?and the relevant functions of GIS were used to simulate the soil erosion in the mine area.On the basis,the relationship between multi-fractal parameters of dump landform and soil erosion in mining area is analyzed by linear fitting method.The morphological characteristics of dump landform artificially moulded in open-pit coal mine are revealed,and the effect of soil and water conservation is evaluated.The intrinsic relationship between multi-fractal parameters of dump landform and soil erosion is explored.The results show that:?1?The landform of dump site in open-pit coal mine has obvious multifractal characteristics.The generalized dimension spectrum,multifractal spectrum curve and multifractal parameters?D,D0,D2,?max,?min,?0,??,?(?max),?(?min)and??,The multifractal spectrum?????curves of the sample area are all“right hook”,and the small probability subset is the dominant one in the region,and the topography is sharp.?2?The dump with high degree of fragmentation of landform shows more obvious non-uniformity;the dump with low degree of fragmentation of landform has wider probability distribution range of elevation and more symmetrical distribution.The main types of dump in the study area are slight erosion and mild erosion.The moderate and severe erosion mainly occur in the peripheral slopes of the dump sites in the study area,while the degree of rock and soil erosion in the dump site is the least.?3?There is a good correlation between the multi-fractal parameters of the dump landform and the amount of soil erosion,in which the??and the average annual erosion modulus are significantly positively correlated,and the?0 and D0 are negatively correlated with the D0 and the average annual erosion modulus.It is feasible that the multi-fractal parameters?0???and D0 can be used as quantitative indicators of the geomorphological soil erosion of the dump of open pit coal mine.In order to achieve the better soil and water conservation effect,it is necessary to increase the probability distribution range of landform elevation,ensure the uniformity of its distribution,reduce the density of elevation probability in local areas,make the number of probability subsets of elevation distribution lower than that of probability subsets,and ensure that the difference between them is as small as possible.In the future work of soil and water conservation of dump landform,many theories and concrete measures should be introduced to improve the landform conditions,and systematic scientific planning and design should be carried out to achieve the purpose of preventing soil and water loss of dump landform. |
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