Effects Of Fungus Chaff Combined With Biochar On Calcareous Cinnamon Soils And Maize

In order to study the effects of fungus chaff and biochar as a new soil amendment on calcareous cinnamon soil and corn,this paper used indoor pots experiments by applying different amounts of fungus chaff(1%,2%,3%)and biochar(1%)to two kinds of calcareous soils(concentrated copper and chromium contaminated soil in sewage irrigation area and uncontaminated soil in common farmland).Different treatments were applied to determine the p H value,organic matter,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,urease activity,phosphatase activity,catalase activity,copper form,chromium form,corn plant height,chlorophyll,Malondialdehyde(MDA),Catalase activity(CAT)in different growth stages of maize and heavy metal copper and chromium content in mature maize parts.The results showed that:(1)Different treatments had no significant effect on soil p H,and increased the content of organic matter,alkali nitrogen and available potassium in various stages of soil.For the effective phosphorus content,only the combined treatment can increase it in the mature soil.And the effective phosphorus content in the 3% fungus chaff mixed with biochar was the highest,which is 8.68% higher than the control.In the non-polluted soil,the single application and combined application of 2% and 3% of the fungus chaff in the seedling stage can increase the effective phosphorus content,and all of the treatments can increase the effective phosphorus content in different stages.Overall,for the improvement of soil nutrients,3% of the bacteria were best treated with 1% biochar.(2)Different treatments can increase the activity of urease,phosphatase and catalase in various stages of non-polluted soil.The difference of urease activity in the contaminated soil was not significant at the seeding stage.The urease activity of each treatment was lower than that of the control at the maturity stage.The phosphatase activity increased at the seedling stage and the maturity stage decreased.No significant change in catalase activity.In general,for non-polluted soils,3% sputum sputum application had the best effect on increasing soil enzyme activity,and for contaminated soil,the enzyme activity of 3%sputum sputum was the least.(3)The application of bacillary dysentery and biochar can cure heavy metal cadmium in mature soiland reduce the content of effective Cr,thus reducing the direct utilization of heavy metal Cr by plants.However,for heavy metal Cu,the application of bacillus and biochar can increase the effectiveness of Cu in soil while increasing the organic combined Cu content in the mature stage.(4)All treatments could increase the plant height and chlorophyll content of maize at different stages.The plant height and chlorophyll content of maize with combined treatments were higher than that with single applications.MDA content is reduced.Regardless of the single applications and combined applications,the MDA content gradually decreased with the increase of the amount of fungus chaff.The treatment witch one had the lowest MDA content at the seedling stage was the single application of 3%fungus chaff,that was 57% lower than the control.At the maturity stage,the treatment of minimum MDA content was combined 3%fungus chaff with biochar,which was 62% lower than the control.The activity of CAT was increased,and the catalase activity of mature maize leaves in contaminated soil was lower than that of seedling stage,and the results were opposite in uncontaminated soil.(5)Different treatments increased the copper content in the underground parts of maize plants,and the content of chromium in above ground and underground was decreased.The combined treatments of fungus chaff and biochar is superior to single applications in reducing the concent of copper content in maize leaves and fruits,and reducing the increase of copper content in roots,and the best effect was achieved with high doses of fungus chaff.Single application of 1% fungus chaff is best for reducing the Cr content in the fruits,but applying 2% fungus chaff alone increased the Cr content in the roots and leaves.(6)The application of fungus chaff and biochar inhibited the enrichment of heavy metal Cu in the above groung part of the corn and promoted the enrichment of Cu in the underground.The combined treatments could inhibit the enrichment of Cu in the roots,leaves and fruits well.The single application of3% fungus chaff could most effectively reduce the degree of transportation of Cu from the roots to the stems and fruits.For heavy metal Cr,the enrichment coefficient(EC)and the translocation factor(TF)of each part have no regularity.These ones show that the single applications and applications of fungus chaff and biochar can promote the physical and chemical properties of soil,repair heavy metal pollution in soil and reduce the toxicity of heavy metals to plants.