Studies On Extraction Of Alkaloids From Gelsemium And Biological Activity Of The Crude Extracts

Gelsemium elegans Benth.(Gelsemium)is an evergreen woody rattan plant of the genus Mansoni which is also known as cuttle grass.It is a famous poisonous plant in China.It's main biological active ingredient is alkaloids.In addition,it is widely used in pharmacodynamics and animal husbandry.In this experiment,the Gelsemium was taken as the research object,the extraction process of Gelsemium is researched,and the biological activity of the extractive on the aspect of anti-microbial and insect resistance have preliminary explored,which provided a reference for the further study of Gelsemium.The research is mainly as follows:The effects of different ultrasonic extraction time and infiltration time of sodium hydroxide on the acquisition ratio of Gelsemium are investigated.It is found that the acquisition rate of Gelsemium is high when the ultrasonic extraction time is 1.00 h and the infiltration time of sodium hydroxide solution is 24.00 h.The extraction method is used to extract the Gelsemium that collected at various time points during the year,and then the change rate of the acquisition rate of Gelsemium is obtained within one year.The results showed that between February and May of the year,the acquisition rate was relatively low,the average acquisition rate is 0.511%;the acquisition rate is high between August and November of the year,and the average acquisition rate is 0.590%.The average annual acquisition rate is 0.550%.A method for the determination of the crude extractions using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is established and compared with the standard formulation of Koumine.The results showed that the main components in the crude extraction of Gelsemium are the Gelsemine and Koumine,and the content of Koumine is significantly higher than that of Gelsemine.The inhibition zone is measured by using punch method and the crude extraction of Gelsemium are tested against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),Bacillus subtilis,and Escherichia coli.As well as the biological activities of three pathogenic fungus such as Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momordicae,and Fusarium moniliforme.The results showed that the crude extraction have antibacterial effects on the three kinds of pathogenic bacteria,and the inhibitory effect on MRSA is better than that of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.The minimum inhibitory concentration of the crude extraction of Gelsemium on MRSA is about 400 mg/L.The minimum inhibitory concentration of Bacillus subtilis is about 1600 mg/L,The minimum inhibitory concentration of Escherichia coli is about 1800 mg/L,but no significant inhibition of the selected three fungi are found.The effects of crude extracts from Gelsemium on the three kinds of pathogenic bacteria were investigated.The results showed that the crude extracts of Gelsemium can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria to a certain extent.In order to study the effect of the crude extraction of Gelsemium on Escherichia coli,the strains treated with the normal strain of Escherichia coli and after processing of the crude extraction of Gelsemium are observed by scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the Gelsemium caused the deformation or rupture of the Escherichia coli to a certain extent,thereby it can inhibit the bacteria.In addition,this experiment also adopted the leaf disc method to mearsure the biological activity of the crude extraction of Gelsemium on Plutella xylostella.The results showed that there is a certain Non-choice antifeeding activity against Plutella xylostella,and the antifeedant rate increased with the increase of sample concentration in a certain concentration range.