A Comparative Study Of Trade Gains And Carbon Emissions Costs Of North-South Countries Under Global Value Chains

With the continuous expansion of global economic,separated production and consumption has been deepening in all countries.Northern countries have high-end position in global value chains and gain high value-added depended on sufficient capital stringent environmental policies which would possibly make them import energy-intensive and pollution-intensive products.While countries in the South are passively embedded in the low end of the value chain with little trade profit and high environmental costs.The transfer of environmental costs makes countries' trade profits and export carbon emissions unequal:the northern countries get huge profits through the global value chain,but the southern countries bear the corresponding environmental costs and carbon emission reduction responsibilities.Therefore,this paper attempts to decompose and measure the trade revenue and corresponding carbon emission costs of the North and South countries,analyze the imbalance between the two,and explore the evolutionary differences paths.First,the second chapter of this paper analyzes the status quo of export and embodied carbon emissions of representative country in aspect of total volume,country-specific flows,and sectoral levels,and obtains preliminary conclusions about the imbalance between income and environmental costs.After gaining a comparison between the trade returns and the cost of carbon emissions of developed and developing countries,the value added and carbon emissions are integrated into the same framework,and a multi-region input-output model is built and decomposed to decompose the export value added and carbon emissions into DVA,RDV,FVA and repeated calculation of four parts in Chapter 3 with reference to Wang et al.(2013).After excluding the double counting,this paper comparatively analyzes the DVA,RDV and FVA export value added and carbon emissions,and discussed the specific sources of imbalances in export value added and carbon emissions among countries.Secondly,the fourth chapter of this paper combines the third chapter of the MRIO decomposition framework with the complex network method,and analyzes the differences between the value-added and carbon emissions community evolution paths of the equipment manufacturing industries in various countries participating in the GVC network.Finally get:The main source of the imbalance between the trade revenue and environmental costs of the countries in the North and South is in the middle and lower reaches of the global value chain.The potential environmental costs for the northern countries to meet the consumption need of direct exporting countries' export production are 20%of those in the South.Secondly,in the case of foreign value-added and foreign carbon emissions,the proportion of carbon emissions produced by foreign countries in the export of final products such as northern countries is about four times that of developing countries,while the proportion of foreign added value is lower than that of the southern countries.As a result of the southern countries' low domestic carbon emission ratio and the high domestic carbon emission ratios,this paper concludes that the northern countries have transferred the more pollution to developling countries through the division of labor and cooperation.Finally,from Chapter 4,this paper finds that,in the value-added DVA network,the developed countries,such as the United States and Germany,have been maintaining the trading hub of the Pacific Rim and Europe since the 21st century,respectively.China has become the only southern region that has broken the monopoly hub of developed countries which links Pacific and Europe.Then the United States,Germany,and China have become the three major hubs of world trade.However,in the carbon emission DVA network,China replaced the carbon emission center of the United States and Germany at the beginning of the 21 st century,and becomed the only carbon trade transportation center in the world which is the different from value-added.The evolutionary path reflects that China enters the world market at the expense of the environment.In view of the empirical results,this paper gives policy suggestions from two aspects,with a view to improving the trade gains and lowering carbon emissions for South countries.First of all,developing countries can improve the input structure of intermediate products,reduce the intermediate investment in heavily polluting industries,and develop the tertiary industry with high value-added and low pollution.Second,optimize the energy structure of our country,enhance the energy efficiency of our country,encourage the production and use of clean technology,and vigorously introduce the clean technologies of developed countries in the north to increase the carbon emission efficiency.From the point of view of global climate governance,the Kyoto Protocol's principle of "producer responsibility" can easily lead to "carbon leakage",and the "high carbon" industrial transfer behavior of developed countries to developing countries is not only unfavorable to carbon reduction,but also unfair to developing countries.Therefore,this article advocates that China should actively participates in global climate governance and integrates the "production side" and"consumption side" principles in climate negotiations.