| Nonylphenol (Nonylphenol, NP) is used for the synthesis of Nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether(NPEOs) , and it is the degradation products of NPEOs. NP widely exists in the environmental medium. NPEOs, as a kind of industrial raw, is widely used in textile papermaking, medicine, detergent and cosmetics. NPEOs can gradually degraded into stable structure of NP, when it into the environment. At the same time, NP is used in pesticide formulation as a kind of pesticide auxiliaries, enter into the environment by the application of pesticide. It effect on crop pests and yield, and is also poison to the non-target organisms. In this paper, NP is used as the research object. Built the method of NP in environmental media. The study was conducted to investigate the bio-toxicity effects of NP on non-target organisms, such as Zebra fish, Eisenia foetida and Cherry Tomato, and its environmental behaviour in the soil. We excepted the date obtained would provide theoretical support and scientific data for the NP residues and environmental impact assessment.The method of ultrasonic extraction-SPE-HPLC, based on the acetone extraction solvent, was used to determine the concentration of NP in the soil. The recovery of it is 80.14% to 97.01%.The study has established the analysis detection method for NP remained in the water, soil and plant. Established the solid phase extraction(SPE) and the cloud point extraction(CPE) to determine the recovery of NP in the water solution, and analysed the recovery of two method,The recovery of NP is 80.28% to 82.38%, that used the SPE to pretreatment and the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detection. The relative standard deviations(RSD) is 0.40% to 4.57%, and the limit of detection was 0.9μg L-1. PEG-6000, an important non-ionic surfactant was adopted as an extractant. The average recoveries of penconazole added in water at the three spiked levels using CPE ranged from 84.97% to 101.64% for water samples with the RSD of 0.03% to 4.40%, and the limit of detection was 0.4μg L-1. It meet the requirements of organic pollutants detection method. The acute toxicity test of Zebrafish and to detect the concentration of NP in water at the same time. The acute toxicity test of Zebrafish show that the median lethal concentration(LC5o) at 24,48,72 and 96 hour is 0.8446,0.6660,0.6125, 0.5606 mg L-1. 95% confidence interval is 0.7686～0.9281, 0.6004～0.7383,0.5473～0.6854,0.5035～0.6241 mg L-1.Detected the amount of NP in water after daily administration. The results of it indirect verification the CPE-HPLC is feasible. Because of its environmentally friendly and greenly properties,the CPE is more better than SPE.For the determination of NP in plants, Built an analytical method that acetoneextraction--liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) and SPE--HPLC. The recovery rate of root and shoot were 80.07% to 82.12% and 83.45% to 91.23%, it coincided with the requirements of recovery experiment.The study discuss the effects of Triton-114 (TX-114) and the dissolved organic matter on sorption desorption and migration behavior of NP in soil. Discuss the effect of Eisenia foetida on NP degradation. The results showes that adsorption suppressed,desorption promoted and the mobility of NP increased when the concentration of TX-114 near or higher than its critical micelle concentration(CMC). However, it is not significantly changed when the concentration of TX-114 lower than its CMC.The study selected the two different source of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which come from pig manure compost(PMC) and rice straw(ST),and discuss it effect of adsorption desorption and migration behavior of NP in soil. The results shows that two kinds of DOM let dsorption suppressed, desorption promoted and the mobility increased. They help activation in soil.Moreover,the PMC increase more significantly than the ST. We found that Eisenia foetida can promote the degradation of NP in soil.The study of the physiological toxicity of NP on Cherry Tomato seedlings was carried out. In consequence, The root length, stem length, root weight, weight of leaf and stem, leaf area of Cherry Tomato decreased with the increasing of the concentration of NP,and the chlorophyll content showed the same trend as well. Within the concentration range from zero to 750 mg kg-1, enzyme activities of 6 enzymes and Malondialdehyde(MDA)content in Cherry Tomato seedlings showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing. The six kinds of enzyme are Ascorbate peroxidase(APX), catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),Peroxidase(POD),glutathione S-transferases(GSTs), and glutathione reductase(GR). This results indicated that the antioxidant enzyme activity of Cherry Tomatoes was stimulated and induced after being treated with the low concentration of NP.Furthermore, in Cherry Tomato, antioxidant enzyme activity was improved to resist the damage of nonylphenol and enhance its tolerance to NP. However,with the increasing of the concentration of NP,Cherry Tomato cells were damaged,and could not be repaired,Moreover,the structure of the enzyme protein was changed,and the amount of synthesis was reduced. Meanwhile, it can lead to the loss of antioxidant enzyme activity. |
PDF Full Text Request