| Broccoli is also called brassiica oleacea,which belongs to Cruciferae.According to the results of demestic and foreign research,there exist abundant inothinocyanate and other active constituents in broccoli,which has a strong activity of antineoplastic function.It has demonstrated that a regular consumption of broccoli could prevent the occurrence of a variety of cancers as the epidemiological study said.In addition to this,the broccoli also has a strong antioxidant activity for the presence of phenols and other substances.On the base of the effective medicinal part of broccoli,we have found that the broccoli seeds had the richest content of inothinocyanate.Although there are a lot of demestic and foreign reports on the broccoli seed extraction,the research about the oil extracted from broccoli seed as well as the anti-tumor and antioxidant activity has little correlative literature so far.This paper represented the research on the oil extraction of broccoli seed.To analyze the influence of different solvents on the extraction rate of broccoli seed oil(BSO)and sensory evaluation results,we have drawn a conclusion that n-hexane as the solvent was the best.The BSO extracted by n-hexane had a high extraction yield and smelled good.The state of BSO was clear and colorless.Because of this,we have selected n-hexane as the follow-up test extraction solvent.Based on it,the further study on the ultrasonic-assisted the extraction process of BSO was also carried out.The physical and chemical properties and fatty acid composition was analyzed after refined.A preliminary study on the antioxidant and antitumor activity was conducted as well.Adopting the response surface optimization method with single factor experiments,we have selected three alternating quantities including ultrasonic power,ultrasonic time and the ratio of liquor to material.With the response values for oil extraction,the experimental result of variance analysis was that all the three factors had a significant impact on the BSO extraction yield.A regression equation was built to investigate the interactions among factors.Using Design-Expert software to optimize the parameters,we have ensured the best conditions.The optimal parameters were found as follows:ultrasonic power 8.5 W;ultrasonic time 45 min and the ratio of liquor to material 8.5:1.Under the optimum conditions,the extraction yield of BSO was 25.78%,which closed to the predicted value of 25.8399%.After degelatinized and deacidified,the physical and chemical properties as well as the fatty acid composition of BSO was detected.It turned out that the iodine value;saponification value;acid value was 102.85 g/100g;178.36 mg KOH/g and 0.97 mg KOH/g,respectively.And the peroxide value was nearly 2.74 meq/kg.Compared with the oil refined before,the quality has improved significantly and all the indexes have come up to the national standards of edible vegetable oil.After the gas chromatograph mass detection,there were two kinds of saturated fatty acids(palmitic,stearic)and three unsaturated fatty acids(oleic,linoleic aid,a-linolenic).The content of the unsaturated fatty acids was approximately 70%.The antioxidant activity of broccoli seed oil was determined with 5 different methods.Results indicated that the BSO had obvious inhibiting effect on lipid oxidation.The broccoli seed oil had a similar inhibitory effect to BHT and VE at an inducing temperature of 90? and 100?.Simultaneously,the BSO had different degrees of scavenging effect on DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion hydroxyl radical.Besides this,the BSO also had a stronger scavenging activity than the natural antioxidant of VE.When the concentration of BSO has increased to 12.5 mg/mL,the absorbance value(reducing power assay)was 1.158.However,the maximum absorbance value of VE was only 0.915 at a concentration of 350 mg/mL.In the research of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation of the broccoli seed oil,we have studied the inhibition effect of BSO on Hela cell,human liver cancer cell(HepG2)and human embryonic lung fibroblast(HELF)using MTT method.The results indicated that the BSO could inhibit the growth of Hela and HepG2 cells in a certain concentration,the IC50 value of which was 1.5 mg/mL and 29.66 mg/mL,respectively.Compared to the normal cell HELF,there was no significant difference between BSO and DMSO control group in the inhibitory rate.When the concentration of BSO was below 20.0 mg/mL,it had no inhibitory effect on hunman normal cells.However,the inhibition rate of Hela and HepG2 was 41.5%and 41.4%under the same concentration.The index on the antitumor effect of BSO was inadequate and the active ingredients were not clear.Further experimental investigations are still needed in the long term. |
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